Reyes - Filipino Virtue Ethics

loob

inner self/moral will - includes intentions, feelings, conscience, and decision-making - relational, not individualistic

kapwa

shared identity/self, fellow person/being

what is loob shaped by?

connection to others

what does doing good mean?

acting from a harmonius and sincere loob, aligned with values like empathy, care, and integrity

what does kapwa suggest?

the self isn’t isolated, but always in relation to others

what do ethical actions involve?

recognizing and valuing others as equals and extensions of oneself

hiya

sense of propriety/shame - knowing how to act appropriately to maintain harmony

utang na loob

debt of gratitude - recirprocal obligation based on past help

pakikipagkapwa

fellowship - actively relating to others with compassion and respect

pakikiramdam

sensitivity - deep emotional attunement to the feelings of others

filipino ethics

relational and communal, emotion and intution are central, moral self is shaped by relationships, focus on harmony and social sensitivity

western ethics

individualistic, emphasis on reason and rules, moral self is independent, focus on justice or duty

how does a person develop virtue?

refining their loob through relationships

what is ethics about?

cultivating character through interaction with others - not following rules

what do filipino ethics emphasize?

moral sensitivity, empathy, social responsibility