Pharma - Anti-infective/Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Narrow-Spectrum

Are primarily effective against one type of organism. For example, Erythromycin are used to treat infection caused by gram (+) bacteria.

Broad-Spectrum

such as tetracyclines and cephalosporins, can be effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) organism.

Penicillin, Cephalosporin, and Anti-TB (INH)

3 drugs that are responsible for inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

Anti-fungal and Anti-protozoan

2 drugs resposinble for altering the membrane permeability, resulting to cell death

Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, and Tetracycline

3 drugs responsible for inhibiting protein synthesis, having a bacteriostatic effect

Fluoroquinolones and Anti-TB (RIFAM)

2 drugs responsible for Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA

Sulfonamides, Anti-viral, and HIV and Aids Agens

3 drugs responsible for stopping metabolic activity within the cell

Tetracycline and Erythromycin

Penicillin's effect is decreased when combined with?

1st Gen Cephalosporin

Often used in clients allergic to penicillins. Effective against Gram (+) organism such as streptococci and most staphylococci. And moderate activity against gram (-) organism such as E. Coli, and species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella and Shigella.

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

gram (-) organism such as Haemophilus Influenzae, Neisseria Gonorrheae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Enterobacter spp. and several anaerobic organisms

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

mostly gram(-) organism such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Serratia spp., and Acinetobacter spp..

4th Gen Cephalosporin

both gram (+) and gram (-) organism. Effective against sepsis

Pyridoxine (Vit.B)

Administer _____ to any client with is at risk of developing peripheral neuropathy, when ingesting ISONIAZID

Antifungal Drugs

also called antimycotic drug. Many of these drugs ends in "zole"

Superficial Fungal Infection

fungal infections - of the skin or mucous membranes

Systemic Fungal Infection

Fungal infection - of the lungs or CNS which may be mild, such as tinea pedis (athlete's foot) or severe such as in pulmonary conditions or meningitis

Polyenes

drug of choice for treating severe systemic infection

Azoles

is effective against candidiasis(superficial and systemic)

Nystatin

A drug used for candidal infection

Aminoglycosides

Serious infections caused by gram (-) negative infections (i.e., Enterobacter, E. coli

Aminoglycosides (2)

Used to treat MRSA

Macrolides

Clients who are allergic to penicillins - Gram (+) and some gram (-) organism - Uses include respiratory, GIT, skin & soft tissue infection when beta lactam antibiotics are contraindicated

Tetracyclines

- Gram (-) and gram (+) aerobes and anaerobes - Useful in treating skin infections - Chlamydia. These drugs end in cycline

Fluoroquinolones

Many of these drugs end in "floxacin"

Broad Spectrum

- Broad spectrum - Wide range of susceptible gram(-) and gram (+) organism. (i.e., E. coli, P. pseudomonas aeruginosa) - UTI, Bronchitis, STD, bone, joint and ophthalmic infection

Sulfonamides

road spectrum agents effective against gram (-) and gram (+) organism

Antiviral Agents

end in "VIR". For Herpes simplex I

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

bind directly to HIV reverse transcriptase, blocking both RNA and DNA - dependent DNA polymerase activities thus preventing transfer of information that would allow the virus to replicate and survive.

Protease Inhibitors

blocks protease activity within the HIV virus.

Protease

essential for the maturation of an infectious virus; without it an HIV particle is immature and noninfective

NSAIDs

Anti-inflammatory drug for pain relief.

Acetyl Salicylic Acid

Also known as aspirin is developed by 1899 by adolph bayer

Salicylates

Aspirin is a _______ and an antiplatelet drug

Para-chlorobenxoic Acid Derivatives

a group of chemical compounds that share the para-chlorobenzoic acid structure, with uses as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fungicides.

Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives

Its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects are similar to those of aspirin but it has minimal to no antipyretic effects

Propionic Acid Derivatives

These drugs are aspirin like but have stronger effects and create less GI irritation. Severe adverse reactions, such as blood dyscrasias are not frequently seen.

Fenamates

potent NSAIDS used for acute and chronic arthritic conditions.

Oxicams

Piroxicam (feldene), is indicated for long term arthritic conditions such as RD and OA.

Selective COX-2 Inhibitors

the drug of choice for clients with severe arthritic conditions who need high doses of an antiinflammatory drug. E.g. celecoxib (celebrex)

Glucocorticosteroids

Drugs that ends in "-one" or "-ide". It works by Entering target cells and bind to cytoplasmic receptors, initiating many complex reactions that are responsible for anti - inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects

Ulcers

Steroids are associated with the formation of?

Antigout Drugs

Reduces production of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and the migration of leukocytes to the inflamed site.

3000 ml/day

When ingesting antigout drugs, increase fluid intake to?