B.2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization

Based on the 3rd edition biology textbook written by C.J. Clegg, Andrew Davis, Christopher Talbot

organelles

discrete (separate) subunits in cells

nuclear pore

protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope; regulates the transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

phagocytosis

the process by which a phagocyte engulfs and destroys foreign substrates such as bacteria

1. recognition of the foreigner and enclosing it in a phagocytotic vacuole

2. fusion of phagocytotic vacuole with a lysosome creating a phagolysosome

3. final destruction of ingested particle

phagocytotic vacuole

a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis

polysome

groups of ribosomes that are translating the same mRNA, indicating the cell needs multiple copies of a particular polypeptide

invagination

the in tucking of a surface or membrane

clathrin

a protein that helps facilitate endocytosis and exocytosis