Texas History Final Review

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George Lakoff argues that once the media has framed a story for the audience,

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counterarguments become less effective in swayingthe audience

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Which of the five broad definitions of public opinion involves "rhetorical construction"?

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fiction.

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1
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George Lakoff argues that once the media has framed a story for the audience,


counterarguments become less effective in swayingthe audience

2
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Which of the five broad definitions of public opinion involves "rhetorical construction"?

fiction.

3
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A 2010 Supreme Court decision held that corporations and unions have a First Amendment right to spend unlimited funds on campaign advertisements under what condition?


The ads cannot be coordinated with any candidate.

4
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A sample is determined and a poll conducted for that sample, but many respondents choose not to answe all the questions asked in the poll. This contributes to what type of error?

total versus actual sample size

5
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What is an effect of self-selection of media sources by individuals based on their own ideological biases?

increased media bias through market competition

6
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From what agent of socializationare peoplemost likely to gaintheirfirst understanding of civics?

education

7
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How is a story in a news magazine likely to differ from a story covering the same subject in a print newspaper?

It would provide more in-depth coverage.

8
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The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) uses federal funding to

help elementary and secondary schools filter Internet materials harmful to children.

9
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Where did most polling take place prior to the 1920s and 1930s?

outside polling stations

10
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What does creation of a Facebook page help a political candidate do that she would be less able to do through advertising in the traditional media?

save money

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What would Maxwell McCombs likely say about most of the articles alleging media bias in traditional media over the last decade?

They lack the proper methodology to truly study the issue.

12
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What did the appearance of the Galveston News represent for Texas?

the state’s first semiweekly newspaper

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There are federal laws that prevent print media from

printing false information.

14
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Which of the following played a major role in the growth of Texas Democratic Senator Wendy Davis's campaign popularity in 2013, specifically during her filibuster of an abortion-related bill?

twitter traffic

15
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Which of the following processes occurs first when media bring news to an audience?

gatekeeping

16
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Which of the following media sources is subject to the most regulation by the FCC?

network television

17
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The traditional view of the media suggests thattheir primary purpose is to serve as

a linkage mechanism.

18
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Which of the following is preferred by all age groups?

getting news directly from the reporting source

19
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What gives Facebook the legal grounds to (depending on the actions of the user) put someone in "Facebook jail"?

its TOS

20
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A major 1986 survey of journalists attributed liberal bias in traditional media to what factor?

journalistic norms

21
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The Supreme Court's 1944 Smith v. Allwright decision

outlawed white primaries.

22
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What is the voter participation measure used most often by political scientists?

percentage of voting-age population

23
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Among the following voters, who is LEAST likely to vote?

Eric Smith, a 21-year-old high school dropout working at McDonald's

24
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Which of the following is a rationalist reason for not voting?

“There’s no chance my single vote will decide the election.”

25
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Which of the following is a rational reason for why some people choose not to vote?


satisfaction with the status quo

26
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Which group was the original primary target of the poll tax?


low-income white farmers

27
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Which of the three measures for voter turnout consistently shows the lower figures?


percentage of VAP who voted

28
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If the post office in Texas is unable to deliver a voter registration card, it will be returned to the voter registrar, and

the voter will need to re-register in order to vote in future elections.

29
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Which of the following helps increase voter turnout in an election?

  1. party competition

  2. closeness of the election

  3. party competition in a district

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Which of the three measures for voter turnout consistently shows the higher figures?


percentage of registered voters who voted

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Which of the following represents a rationalist’s explanation for not voting in a local election?


One person’s vote isn’t going to be that critical in deciding the outcome.

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Which state does NOT limit the voting rights of persons convicted of a felony?


Vermont

33
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According to a 2016 Pew Research survey, which of the following types of civil and political participation is most common?

posted comments on political issues online

34
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An individual who is an active voter but avoids the combat and controversy of partisan campaigns is which type of political activist?

communalist

35
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Why was Texas's 2011 voter ID law rejected by the U.S. Justice Department?


because new data generated by the federal government demonstrated minorities would be adversely affected

36
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Voter turnout rates in Texas are


below the national average and lower than most other states' rates.

37
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John is upset that the power company is planning to build several wind turbines on the property next to his home. He writes letters to his elected representative and the local newspaper, voicing his displeasure with the project, though he generally does not take part in any regular political activity. According to Verba and Nie, what type of political participation is John demonstrating?


parochial participant

38
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According to a 2016 Pew Research survey, which of the following types of political or civic participation is LEAST common?

participated in an organized protest

39
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What is the most common form of political participation?

voting

40
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With the growth of the Internet, what has become one of the easiest ways to participate in politics?


making financial contributions

41
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When did the Texas legislature change the rules to allow anyone to vote absentee without restrictions

1979

42
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Vicente Gonzalez and Tony Sanchez are examples of candidates who got most of their campaign financing from what uncommon source?


themselves by self-financing

43
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Straight-ticket voting

is not allowed in Texas.

44
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Imagine you are a die-hard member of party A, but you wanted the less popular candidate from party B to be party A's general election opponent. What type of primary election system would allow you to vote for the less popular candidate in party B during the primaries without changing parties?


open primary system

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How many third parties have there been in Texas in the last 50 years?

4

46
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Which of the following is NOT one of the ways elections have changed?


Labor unions have become a stronger voice

47
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The style of ballot form in which candidates are listed by party and by office is known as the

party column format.

48
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How often does Texas hold general elections?


every two years

49
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Typically, voter turnout for elections is highest when those elections are held in

November.

50
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If you wanted to run for statewide office in Texas you could pay a filing fee of ________ or submit a petition with ________.


$3,750; 47,000 signatures

51
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In state elections from 2006 to 2014, which sector contributed the most amount of PAC money to campaigns?

business

52
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Why has the Catholic vote in Texas migrated from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party?


social issues

53
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Who oversees the administration of elections to ensure that the rules are followed?

the secretary of state

54
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Texas is sometimes considered a semi-open primary state because

voters cannot cross party lines after having declared a party at the primary.

55
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What voting practice was developed with the U.S. armed services in mind?


absentee voting

56
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On what day do Texans vote for who will represent them in the United States Congress?

the first Tuesday in November of all even-numbered years

57
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Can a Texas voter who voted in the primary election of one party vote in the runoff primary of the other party?


no

58
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Texas is required to use a bilingual ballot for all elections in counties that contain more than ________ percent Spanish-speaking voting-age citizens.


5

59
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What message is the text trying to impart with the examples of Clayton Williams and George Bush with respect to media coverage?

Intense media coverage can backfire for candidates if they make public mistakes.

60
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Which of the following allowed the federal government to oversee the operation of elections at the state level until a Supreme Court ruling in 2013?

the Voting Rights Act

61
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Vicente Gonzalez and Tony Sanchez are examples of candidates who got most of their campaign financing from what uncommon source?

themselves by self-financing

62
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Voting in another party's primary to intentionally nominate a weaker candidate is known as

party raiding.

63
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Who oversees the administration of elections to ensure that the rules are followed?

the secretary of state

64
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Advocates say the _ encourages party identification and loyalty.

closed primary system

65
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Ballot form in Texas is decided upon by

each county.

66
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Today the regulation of campaign finances in Texas is limited to the requirement that all candidates and PACs file reports with the

Texas State Ethics Commission.

67
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Whatare the most common special elections in Texas?

city council and mayoral elections not held in November

68
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If you wanted to run for statewide office in Texas you could pay a filing fee of with

$9,250; 45,000 signatures

69
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Straight-ticket voting

is not allowed in Texas.

70
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The Federal Voting Rights Act

requires bilingual ballots in certain precincts.

71
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Total PAC Money in State Campaigns from 2006 to 2014

increased

72
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Texas is sometimes considered a semi-open primary state because

voters must pick from only one party's candidates when attending a primary.

73
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is the law in Texas that forbids candidates defeated in the primary election from filing to run as independents in the general election.

The "sore loser" law

74
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In 2016, Texas voters elected

all the members of the Texas House of Representatives and half the members of the Texas Senate.

75
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On what day do Texans vote for who will represent them in the United States Congress?

the first Tuesday in November of all even-numbered years

76
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What message is the text trying to impart with the examples of Clayton Williams and George Bush with respect to media coverage?

Intense media coverage can backfire for candidates if they make public mistakes.

77
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Most of the money used in political campaigns comes from

individual contributions.

78
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To qualify for minor-party status, a party must have won at least office in the last general election.

5 percent

79
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The Texas presidential primaries are held in which month?

March

80
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The biggest change in modern politics is the use of

the Internet.

81
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Which third party emphasizes the importance of limited government and personal responsibility?

Libertarian Party

82
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Which of the following statements about political parties in the U.S. is true?

The Founding Fathers did not want political parties

83
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Which of the following wasNOT among the grievances that the Texas Regulars had with the larger Democratic Party?

opposing fewer restrictions on religious organizations

84
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One-party Democratic dominance occurred from Reconstruction until the

1960s

85
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What is the "Australian" ballot?

privately cast votes on identical ballots

86
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Third parties have a difficult time winning for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

general election candidates need a majority to win.

87
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Political parties in the United States

are very state-oriented and act mostly independently.

88
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Who was the first Republican elected to statewide office in Texas since Reconstruction?

John Tower

89
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Today in Texas, what are the two main factions in the Republican Party?

business value progressives and social conservatives

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Whose election as governor in 1978 marked the real beginning of two-party politics in Texas?

Bill Clements

91
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When was the first period of one-party Republican politics in Texas?

Reconstruction

92
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The introduction of new technologies has led to a shift from

party-centered politics to candidate-centered politics.

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A major cause of the shift from Democratic to Republican dominance in Texas was

the Republican Party becoming the more conservative party.

94
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What is the proper time sequence of the following three political movements/parties, from earliest to latest?

Greenback Party, Populist Party, Progressive movement

95
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After the election of "permanent" officers, what is the most important function of the precinct convention?

selection of delegates to the county convention

96
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As of 2016,

both parties in Texas use primaries.

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Which of the following was controversial to both Republicans and Democrats following the Civil War?

Edmund J. Davis's governorship

98
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To maintain ballot status in Texas, a third party must garner at least election.

5.0 percent

99
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According to Map 12.1, in which of the following regions of the country are you most likely to find a right-to-work state?

Southeast

100
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All of the following contribute to legislative professionalism EXCEPT

limited sessions.