Readings in The Philippine History

Chapter 1 - 4 (Reviewer for Midterm)

Philippines

our native land where we live.

Filipinos

the people of the Philippines.

History

the story of a country and its people.

People, Land, God

Three important parts about knowing a country’s history

Ma-yi

name given by early Chinese traders in Mindoro, meaning “Land of gold.”

Maniolas

name given by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map.

Archipelago of St. Lazarus

name given by Magellan in 1521.

Felipinas

name given by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in honor of King Philip II.

Pearl of the Orient Seas

romantic nickname for the Philippines given by Fr. Juan J. Delgado (1751) and Dr. Jose Rizal.

Elongated, Archipelago.

Shape

115,830 square miles.

Area

22,549 miles.

Coastline

mountainous, all islands prone to earthquakes.

Terrain

Philippine Sea.

Lowest point

Mount Apo

Highest point

Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao.

Three groups of islands

Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, Masbate.

Eleven main islands

Ilocos Region

Major City: San Fernando City.

Cagayan Valley

Major City: Tuguegarao City.

Central Luzon

Major City: San Fernando City.

CALABARZON

Major City: Calamba City.

MIMAROPA

Major City: Calapan City.

Bicol Region

Major City: Legaspi City.

Western Visayas

Major City: Iloilo City.

Central Visayas

Major City: Cebu City.

Eastern Visayas

Major City: Tacloban City.

NCR (National Capital Region)

Major City: Manila.

CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region)

Major City: Baguio City.

Western Mindanao (Zamboanga Peninsula)

Major City: Pagadian City.

Northern Mindanao

Major City: Cagayan De Oro City.

Southern Mindanao

Major City: Davao City.

Central Mindanao (SOCCSKSARGEN)

Major City: Koronadal City.

Caraga Region

Major City: Butuan City.

ARMM (Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao)

Major City: Cotabato City.

Luzon Central Plain, Cagayan Valley, Agusan Valley, Cotabato Valley

Four major lowland areas

Sierra Madre, Cordillera, Caraballo

Three major mountain ranges

221 total, 21 active

How many Volcanoes?

Pacific Ring of Fire

Philippines lies here; most high mountains volcanic in origin.

Mt. Mayon, Mt. Pinatubo

Two active volcanoes

12th

World ranking (2014)

English and Filipino.

Official languages

Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Waray.

Eight major dialects

3rd

Largest English-speaking country in the world.

Democratic.

Type of government

President (Chief of Staff), Vice President, Cabinet.

Executive branch

Senate, House of Representatives.

Legislative branch

Supreme Court.

Judicial branch

Timber, Petroleum, Cobalt.

Natural resources

Oil

not a natural resource.

72nd

largest country in the world.

Republic of the Philippines.

Official name

slightly larger than Arizona.

Size comparison

Sources

anything that has been left behind by the past.

Primary sources

first-hand sources.

Secondary sources

second-hand sources.

Documents

written or printed materials that have been produced in one form or another sometime in the past.

Numerical records

include any type of numerical data in printed or handwritten form.

Oral statements

include any form of statement made orally by someone.

Relics

any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past.

Primary source

a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Autobiography

an account of a person's life written by that person.

Memoir

a history or record composed from personal observation and experiences.

Diary

a regularly kept record of the diarist's activities and reflections, primarily for the writer’s use alone.

Personal letter

a type of letter that usually concerns personal matters and is sent from one individual to another.

Correspondence

a body of letters or communications.

Interview

a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given between interviewer and interviewee.

Survey

a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people.

Field research/fieldwork

the collection of information outside a laboratory, library or workplace setting.

Photographs and posters

illustrations that can show past events and people as they were.

Paintings

visual art using paint/ink to depict scenes or abstractions.

Drawings

visual art using drawing instruments to mark paper or medium.

Speech

a form of communication in spoken language made before an audience.

Tertiary source

provides third-hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary sources.

Library

a collection of sources of information and similar resources, accessible to a community for reference and borrowing.

Archive

an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located.

Museum

an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of importance.

Historical society

an organization dedicated to preserving, collecting, researching and interpreting historical information or items.

Historical criticism

investigates origins of ancient texts to understand their historical context and literal sense.

External criticism

checks genuineness or authenticity of documents.

Internal criticism

checks accuracy and reliability of a document’s contents.

Bias

an inclination or outlook to present a partial perspective or unfair judgment.

Gender bias

different treatment based on gender identity.

Cultural bias

interpreting words/actions according to cultural meanings.

Religious bias

prejudice against individuals based on religion.

Racial bias

structuring opportunities and values based on race/appearance.

Political bias

inability/unwillingness to understand opposing political views.

Overcoming bias

reviewing textbooks, detecting bias, and careful language use.

Historical significance

process of evaluating what events, people, or developments are important in history.

Historical source

the original source that contains important historical information. These sources inform us about history at the most basic level and are used as clues to study history.

Chronicle

an account or record of a series of events meant to write about them or show them in broadcast in the order in which they happened.

Declaration of Principles

a paradigm on equality, drawing on the establishment and emerging principles of a law.

Memoirs

a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources.

Proclamation

a public official announcement, especially one dealing with a matter of great importance.

Cartoons

a simple drawing showing the features of its subjects in a humorously exaggerated way, especially a satirical one in a newspaper or magazine.

Speech

the expression or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds.

Paintings

a picture created by putting paint on a surface, or the activity or skill of creating pictures by using paint.

Film

also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form and usually with sound, that make up a story.

Customs of Tagalogs by Juan de Placencia

account of pre-colonial lifestyle, beliefs, and social structure of the Tagalog people.