Physics Formula Review Spring

The experiment results/description are NOT on the test:)

Equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series

Ceq =1/( 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... + 1/Cₙ)

Equivalent capacitance for capacitors in parallel

C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + ... + Cₙ

Magnification of an image (two equations)

m = -di/do = hi/ho

mass-energy equivalence

E=mc²

momentum of a photon

p = h/λ, E/c, hf/c

work function if cutoff wavelength is known

Φ=hc/λ

Photoelectric effect including stopping potential

Ephoton=qVs+Φ

Photoelectric Effect including Kmax

Kmax=Ephoton-Φ

energy of a photon

E = hf, hc/λ

EMF generated for a moving bar through a Magnetic field

EMF = Blv

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

E=-∆Φ/∆t=(-∆NBA/∆t)

magnetic flux

Φ=NBA=NBAcosθ

thin lens equation

1/f = 1/do + 1/di

snell's law

n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂

index of refraction

n = c/v

critical angle

sinθ=n₂/n₁

Thin film(membrane interference

2nt=__λ

total resistance for resistors in series

Rt= R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ... + Rₙ

total resistance for resistors in parallel

Rt= (R₁⁻¹ + R₂⁻¹ + R₃⁻¹ + ... + Rₙ⁻¹)⁻¹

Charge including time

Q=It

Resistance in a wire of length L and area A

R=ρ(L/A)

Pressure exerted on an area A

P = F/A

absolute pressure

Pabs=P₀+ρgh

gauge pressure

ρgh

Volume flow rate

I=AV

Buoyant force

F=ρVg

Density

ρ=m/v

bernoulli's equation

P₁ + ½ρv₁² + ρgh₁ = P₂ + ½ρv₂² + ρgh₂

Force on a charge q moving parallel to a magnetic field (B)

0 N

Force on a current carrying wire oriented perpendicular to a magnetic field (B)

F=Il×B

capacitance if area of plates is known

C = KεA/d

Electric Potential around a point charge q

V = kq/r

Force on a charge (q) in an Electric field (E)

F = qE

coulomb's law

F = kq₁q₂/r², where k=1/(4πε₀)

charge on a capacitor

Q=CV

Energy stored in a capacitor (3 formulas)

Ucap=½QV=½CV²=½Q²/C

Formula definition of Work

W=F∙d

electric potential energy

Ue= qV

Electric field a distance r from a point charge (q)

F = k|q|/r²

Ohm’s Law

V=IR

Total charge for capacitors in series

Qt=Q₁=Q₂=Q₃

Terminal voltage (Vab) if external resistance (Rext) is known

Vab=I₁Rext

Terminal voltage (Vab) if EMF is known

ε=Vab-I₁R(int)

Voltage across the plates of a capacitor if the E-field is known

Ed=V

Electric Energy (three formulas)

E=VIt=V²Rt=I²Rt

Electric Power

P=VI=V²R=I²R

Force on a charge (q) moving perpendicularly through a magnetic field (B)

F=qv×B

Work to move a point charge (q) a distance r away from another charge (Q)

w=q∆V

Force between two parallel current carrying wires of length l.

F=(µ₀/2π)(I₁I₂l/r) (the third one is L)

Limits of human sight

750 nm-400nm

the wave equation

v=fλ

Magnetic field a distance r from a current carrying wire

B=(µ₀/2π)(I/r)

New wavelength in the original wavelength and the indices of refraction are known

n₁λ₁=n₂λ₂

Change in Heat during an isovolumetric process

Q = nCvΔT

Frequency of a spring mass

f = 1/(2π) \* √(k/m)

period of a pendulum

T = 2π√(L/g)

frictional force

F=Fₙµ

frictional force on an incline

mg(cosθ)µ

Acceleration

a= ∆v/∆t

average speed

s = d/t

velocity

v= ∆x/∆t

Average Velocity of a molecule of gas

v = √(3kT/m)

Change in internal energy during a cyclic process

ΔU = 0 J

First Law of thermodynamics

ΔU = ∆Q + ∆W

Acceleration of a mass sliding UP an incline, with friction

a = gsinθ + gμcosθ

Acceleration of a mass sliding DOWN an incline, with friction

a = gsinθ - gμcosθ

Heat required to raise the temperature of a substance

Q = mcΔT

Heat required to vaporize a substance

Q = mLv

Heat required to melt a substance

Q = m(Lf)

Forgotten power equation

P=Fv

Energy of a spring-mass when spring is neither at maximum displacement, nor at the equilibrium point

½kA²=½mv²+½kx²

ideal efficiency

ε=(T_hot - T_cold) / T_hot x100

Newton's second law of motion

F = ma

torque

∑τ=r×F=rFsinθ

Ideal gas law (two equations)

PV = nRT or PV=NKT

Boyle's law

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

heat of an isobaric process

Q = nCpΔT

work (thermodynamics)

W = -PΔV

internal energy of an ideal gas

U = (3/2) nRT

actual efficiency

εactual=|∑W|/Qin=|Qin-Qout|/Qin

kinetic energy

KE = ½mv²

Hooke's Law

F = -kx

gravitational potential energy

Ug = mgh or mg∆y

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation'

F = G (m₁ m₂) / r²

centripetal acceleration

a = v²/r

Acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a planet of mass M and diameter d

g = (G\*M) / (d/2)²

momentum

p = mv

impulse (two formulas)

J = Ft or J = mv-mv₀

weight

W or Fg=mg

first kinematic

v = v₀ + at

second kinematic

∆x = v₀t + ½at²

third kinematic

v²=v₀²+2a∆x

beat frequency

f = |f1 - f2|

Length (L) of a string producing the fundamental frequency (f)

L=v/2f

Natural frequency of a closed tube of length l

L=v/4f

Wavelength in an open tube of length l

λ=2L

frequency of a pendulum

f = 1/T = 1/(2π √(l/g))

Velocity of waves on a string if tension is known

v = √(T/(m/l))

period of a spring-mass

T = 2π√(m/k)

charles' law

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂