sports medicine anatomical terms and legal/ethical concerns

anatomical position

standing straight up, facing forward, palms forward, arms by side, legs straight

median plane

vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body, divides the body into right and left

sagittal plane

vertical plane, parallel to the median plane

frontal (coronal) plane

vetical plane, divides body into anterior and posterior

transverse plane

horizontal plane, at right angles, divides body into superior and inferior

anterior

front of body

posterior

back of body

midline

imaginary line cuts down the center of the body into left and right parts

medial

towards the midline

lateral

away from the midline

dorsal

upper surface

ventral

bottom surface

plantar surface

ventral surface of foot

palmer surface

ventral aspect of the hand

proximal

nearest point of attachment

distal

farthest from point of attachment

superior

toward the top of the body

inferior

toward the bottom of the body

superficial/external

near the surface

deep/internal

within the surface

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

elevation

up

depression

down

protraction

forward

retraction

backward

flexion

bending of a joint

extension

straightening at a joint

dorsi flexion

pulling foot toward the body

plantar flexion

pointing the foot downward

abduction

movement away from midline

adduction

movement toward the midline

internal rotation

rotating at a joint, bringing the body part toward the body

external rotation

rotating at a joint, bringing the body part away from the body

circumduction

movement of a body part in a circle

pronation

medial rotation of the forearm or foot (palm down)

supination

lateral rotation of the forearm or foot (palm up)

opposition

thumb brought to another diget

reposition

thumb brought back to anatomical position from another diget

protrustion

movement forward

retrustion

movement backward

bilateral

paired structures having left or right

unilateral

occurs on one side on body

ipsilateral

same side

contralateral

opposite side

acute

injury just happened

chronic

injury occurs over a long period of time

liability

being legally responsible for harm or athlete or cause of injury

negligance

failure to use reasonable care that an ordinary person would use

standard of reasonable care

degree of care that an equally qualified caregiver would provide

tort

a legal wrong

misfeasance

when care provider commits an act, but uses wrong procedure

malefeasance

when care procider preforms an act that is not the care providers reponsibilty or standard of care

nonfeasance

care provider failes to perform their legal duty of care

gross negligence

care provider has total disregard for safety of others

malpractice

care provider commits a negligent act while delivering care

assumption risk

athlete assumes he/she may be injured during activity

act of god

uncontrollable, mother nature

foreseeability of risk

making sure the environment and equipment is safe

warning of risk

organization writes down all the warnings to what might occur during an event

ethics

morals; set of princples or values that influence behavior

duty to act

if you are certified in first aid, there is a legal obligation to give aid or perform emergency care

good sameritan law

laws to protect health care personnel if they acted reasonable, to try to help someone in need

right to refuse care

a competent adult has the right to refuse care

actual consent

you explained care you will provide and they orally consent

implied consent

unconscious victim- law assums victim would give consent

minors consent

parent or guardian if available must give consent

consent of the mentally ill

parent, guardian, caregiver must give consent if available