Untitled Flashcards Set

Dispositional Optimism

A global expectation that good things will happen and bad things will not.

Pessimism

The tendency to expect negative things in the future.

Optimism

A general expectation that good things will happen; can be cognitive, motivational, and emotional.

Defensive Pessimism

A strategy where negative thinking channels anxiety about failure into successful achievement.

Locus of Control

The degree to which individuals believe that they can control the events that affect them.

Self-Esteem

An evaluative component of self-concept that is closely related to happiness and life satisfaction.

Expectancy Value Theory

A theory suggesting that goal-directed behavior is determined by the expectation of attaining a goal and the incentive value of that goal.

SMART Goals

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based.

Flow

An intrinsically rewarding state of complete absorption in an activity, characterized by deep focus and enjoyment.

Growth Mindset

The belief that basic qualities can be cultivated through effort, allowing for personal development.

Learned Optimism

An explanatory style where positive outcomes are attributed to internal, stable, and global factors.

Procrastination

The voluntary delay of intended action despite potential negative consequences.

Positive Reframing

The process of viewing a situation from a more positive perspective to foster better coping.

Toxic Positivity

The belief that one should maintain a positive attitude regardless of circumstances, potentially leading to unrealistic expectations.

Goal Commitment

The degree to which an individual is determined to achieve a particular goal.

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something for its own sake, driven by personal interest or enjoyment.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for external rewards or to avoid negative outcomes.

Agency (in hope theory)

The motivation to use pathways to reach goals.

Cognitive, Motivational, and Emotional Components

The three factors that characterize optimism.

Chris Peterson

A researcher known for his work in positive psychology and the Harvard Study of Adult Development.