What is cellular respiration?
the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Cellular Respiration Reactants and Products
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Atp
what does aerobic mean?
with oxygen
what does anaerobic mean?
without oxygen
what are the 3 phases of cellular respiration?
glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport chain
which phase(s) of CR do not need oxygen?
glycolysis
which phase(s) of CR DO need oxygen?
krebs cycle, electron transport chain
what is glycolysis? where does it occur?
process that breaks down glucose, cytoplasm
what is the first step of glycolysis?
2 ATP's transfer their phosphate groups to a glucose
what is the second step of glycolysis?
2 phosphates r taken from 3C's, phosphate added to ADP, electrons and H+ are removed from 3C, NAD+ is converted to NADH
what is the third step of glycolysis?
3C's are converted to 2 molecules of pyruvate
what is the krebs cycle? where does it occur?
series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into CO2, occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
Glycolysis Products
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acids
Alternative name for Kreb cycle
Citric acid cycle because citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reactions
First Step of Krebs Cyle
NAD+ accepts 2 high-energy electrons to form NADH. One CO2 molecule is produced. 2 carbons from pyruvic acid form to make acetyl-CoA
Second Step Kreb Cycle
Acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to produce citric acid
Third Step of Kreb Cyle
CO2 is released from a 5 carbon to make a 4 carbon
Fourth step of the krebs cycle
4 carbon molecule starts cyle again by combing with acetyl-CoA. Generates FADH2 and NADH and ATP
Products of Krebs Cycle
carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP
How many times does Kreb Cyle need to happen before the glucose is broken down completely?
Twice
What does the electron transport chain do? Where does it occur?
uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
First step Electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2 pass their high-energy electrons to electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain
Second step electron transport chain
passes energized e- from protein to protein, e- loses some energy
3rd step electron transport chain
H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase, causing the ATP synthase molecule to spin. With each rotation, the ATP synthase attaches a phosphate to ADP to produce ATP.
4th Step of Electron Transport Chain
Hydrogen Ion, electrons, and oxygen molecule bond to form H20
ETC Products
H20, and ATP
how much ATP does each phase of the calvin cycle make?
glycolysis = 2 ATP \n krebs cycle = 2 ATP \n ETC = 34-36 ATP
Cellular Respiration products
ATP, 6C02, and 6H20