History 2010- Final Exam-PHILLIP DAVIS-TN TECH

Horseshoe Bend

-Alabama

-A win for the American Andrew Jackson

-the win before the battle of New Orleans.

Battle of New Orleans

-a victory for the American Andrew Jackson

-Against the British

-made the public view Andrew Jackson as a war hero.

Hartford Convention

-Rhode Island

-destroyed the Federalist Party

They wanted

Term limitations

Couldn't have two presidents from the same state back to back

Wanted to succeed

-Americans viewed them as committing treason.

Southern White Planters

1st Class (Gone with the Wind)

12% of white population

The most land, Most legislators were slave owners.

Most government powers.

*MEN

High Debt-Mortgaged everything on more slaves and land.

Frequent Moves- Cotton is an exhausting crop, and would take a lot of nutrients out of the soil. So to fix this problem the planters and slaves would constantly be moving every 10-12 years West.

Worried about the price of cotton, because the markets in London and New York Controlled this.

Constant Wariness- Fear that their slaves would rise up by running away, or kill you in your sleep. Constant fear.

The only way the whites could maintain control would be through the threat of violence.

Physiological Stress- The effect that would become of an owner before/after whipping a slave.

Rice, COTTON, Tobacco- You can make more money having a cotton plantation, than any other job. The 5 richest states where all deep south plantation states. The most industrialized states where in the north. Southern Plantation states had much more wealth. The south never diversified, because if you were wise and had money you should invest in your own plantation.

*WOMEN

Oversight of house staff- Constantly had guest, because they all lived so far away and when they did go and visit they would stay 4 or 5 days at a time.

Control of Account books- Aware of the debt more.

Live in the presence of husbands slave children- Mary chestnut kept a diary no southern women has not experienced the terrible sight of her husbands maloto (Mixed Race) children.

These children would be hated by the white residents and also other slaves could take there anger out on.

Southern White Yeomen

Group 3

Non- Slave Owners.

65% of white population.

Lived in the Upper South.(Mountainous Areas)

North Alabama, Western North Carolina, Mountains of Kentucky & Virginia

Self sufficient- If they needed something they would trade with each other.

Had large families and that was their labor force.

Produced the grains and meats

Southern "Poor Whites"

Group 4

"Squatters"

10% of white population

"White Trash"

Took over the areas with terrible fields that were rocky.

In order to have a good crop out of these fields, it requires a lot of work.

They refused to do this because working hard was for slaves.

They hated slaves the most, because they slaves never showed them respect like they did other white groups.

A lot didn't have shoes, which lead to ring worm, their color changed.

Didn't eat healthy.

Pro-Slavery Argument

By 1830's southerners changed there minds about slavery.

1 Cotton Gin had been invented

2 London industrial revolution began and they all wanted cotton and slavery was the way to produce this cotton.

fueled the plantation system in America.

"Slavery is a Positive Good."

History- Any great civilization had slavery

Religion- Old & New Testament Support

Economy- No Industrial Revolution w/out Slavery.

Science-Whites larger brain cavity

Security- Haiti

Slave Families

Group 6

-more accustomed to religion and marriage

-strong family bonds and values

-separate by being sold

Free Blacks

Group 5

Lived in the cities

Were not allowed to be farmers. Would be a bad example, if other slaves saw a free black farmer.

Master gave them their freedom.

Jobs: Barber, Sailor north and south states

After Denmark Vesey's uprising- (South) In Louisiana free blacks could not longer talk to slaves fear of an uprising.

(North)- Rhode Island and Pennsylvania eliminated free black voting.

Labor on the Plantation

Discipline on the Plantation

Slave Resistance

Direct confrontation, slave uprisings, theft, arson, abuse of tools and animals, poisoning, running away; all of these have consequences that reinforce white stereotype about blacks

Denmark Vesey

Charleston, South Carolina

Born a slave

Owner was a ship Captain.

Would allow Denmark to be hired out and save up some money.

Later Denmark bought a Lottery ticket and won.

He then bought his freedom.

He became a spiritual leader and made a plan with Free and slaved blacks.

Were going to strike, someone told a white, and he was executed.

Gabriel Prosser

Richmond, Virginia

Spiritual man given great respect by fellow slaves.

Invade Richmond kill all whites except French men, Quakers, and Methodists.

and set up an independent state.

1000 slaves gathered across the river from the city.

Suddenly before a huge thunderstorm came up and the attack was then moved to a week later.

some slaves then told white people what was going on and Gabriel and his men were then executed.

Nat Turner

Sunday-Aug. 1831-lasted 2 days-South Hampton County Virginia

(South of Richmond)

Tobacco growing district

Started with 8 followers, this grew into 50.

The slowly went to one isolated farm to another and recruited more followers.

-Was looked up to by blacks and whites as a spiritual leader.

-owned by a gentle farmer named Joseph Travis.

-Turner lived within the Travis house, he even shared a room with Joseph's son.

-Turner was taught to read and write.

-Tuner believed he could read divine intentions in the sky.

-Travis believed he had read a sign in the clouds, Its was time for Turner to pick up the cross.

-From the moment he tried to plan an uprising in the name of freedom.

-A revival was going on and the whites were spending their time there rather than supervising blacks.

-Turner started the uprising in the Travis house.

-Early in the morning Turner and 8 followers got weapons and went in the house and murdered the whole Travis family.

-Then the moved to the neighboring farm, some of slaves on this farm sided with their masters and tried to run away, so turners men shot them down.

-Would pick up more weapons as they went.

- whites and blacks start flocking to Jerusalem in search for safety and refuge.

-18 white men confront Turner and his group.

-Turner and 20 men escape and realize they cannot take Jerusalem so the go toward the North Carolina Boarder.

-On NC Boarder, there is an old tobacco plantation owned by the Blunts.

-There is also 60-70 slaves on this plantation.

-Word reached the Blunt mansion that Turner and his group were on their way towards them.

-Slaves get prepared with weapons, and they won.

-Turner stated at the end Travis was a nice owner and considered his son a friend of his, but in the end he was doing the lords work.

-Southern view of a Black man

-This convinces southerners slavery is necessary

Frederick Douglass

MARYLAND-Ran away from slavery

-Northern view of a black man

-Free of slavery, became very civilized.

-Befriends a free black sailor and he gave Douglas his pass.

-Douglas got on the ship and went to NY.

-He becomes a popular speaker in the antislavery movement.

-Douglas went to north states and England and France.

-Opened speeches with,"i appear before you as a thief and a criminal, I stole these limbs, head and heart from my master."

-Published newspaper The North Stare in NY.

-Supporter of Abraham Lincoln

-USA ambassador to Haiti

Sojourner Truth

-NEW YORK

-Isabella Bomfree

-Sold away from her parents at the age of 9

-NY-passed an emancipation law but wasn't going into effect until a long time, however they did pass a law for no more slave families to be broken up.

-unlike southern states.

-Isabella was originally owned by a dutch master, so she learned dutch.

- Then she was sold to an English master and she was abused heavily because she couldn't speak English.

-had 5 children: her new master sold her son to a plantation owner in Alabama.

-Truth received her freedom and sued her master and the one in AL and won.

-write stories and goes on a free states in the north for antislavery movement.

-Supports Northerners theory that slavery imprisons blacks.

David Walker

-Ran away from master in NC

-Migrates to Boston Massachusetts

-Has white and Black friends.

-Publishes a antislavery newspaper in Boston, that both black and whites read - "Appeal to the Colored People of the World"

-1829 publishes an essay called an appeal to the colored people of the world.

-He is impatient with the pace of slavery change.

-White ppl took this essay as walker calling for a violent reaction from black slaves to end slavery.

-A couple of weeks after his essay was published David Walker was murdered.

-FIRST EXAMPLE OF AN ABOLITIONIST-slavery undone quickly and doesn't care about the consequences.

American Colonization Soc.

-sought to end slavery by raising money and purchasing slaves freedom.

-separating masters from slaves by outfitting sailing ships and transporting the free slaves back to Africa.

-ACS purchased land in Africa and created Lybria

-This included members such as: Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln

-Doomed to failure due to cost

- Couldn't raise enough money, couldn't do this process fast enough because the birth rate was too fast.

-Northers were not interested in paying money to end something that was going on in the south not the north. Just wanted it out of their own communities.

-Immigrants supported slavery so their cost of living wouldn't increase and they become poor

-Southern whites- unwilling to sale slaves, and even if they did they could sale weak old slaves, make a profit and buy young strong slaves.

-Black southerners- resisted the idea to be colonized in Africa. Their ancestors came from Africa, not them.

-Black Americans supported abolition

-British during revolutionary war implanted slaves in an African colony called Serre Le youn'

-ACS- Patient, didnt want to disrupt southern economy,

-black wanted it to end now.

-1830 british outlawed slave trade

William Lloyd Garrison

Published Liberator

-white abolitionist

-Writer of the newspaper The Liberator

-Believe in absolute equality between whites and blacks.

-Would eat with blacks.

-Big supporter of women rights.

-didn't care for the constitution, because it protected slavery.

-Protester

-In 1835 he was drug through the streets of Boston.

-1834 He said the north should succeed from the south,to solve slavery as an issue.

The Liberator

BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

MOST IMPORTANT ABOLITIONIST NEWSPAPER

-After this was published Nat Turner uprising happened.

Fugitive Slave Law

-White men from the south would appear in the north and accuse random blacks of running away from slavery.

-Take them to court, a judge and jury that are opposed of slavery.(North)

-Southerners push for congress to pass a law in which it sets up a completely different court system, so if a southerner accuses a black of being a runaway he is taken to a fugitive court.

-No trail by jury, and no judge instead a commissioner appointed by the government.

-Only the white man is allowed to testify.

-Essentially it is whether the commissioner believes the white "owner" story or not, while the "slave" sits helpless.

-NORTHERN OFFICIALS MUST ASSIST SLAVE OWNERS IN CAPTURING "RUNAWAYS".

-The fees the commissioner is payed are relied on his decision.

-If he finds that the owner has not produced enough evidence he is only payed 5$ ; If he finds the owner to have produced enough evidence the commissioner is payed 10$.

-The system was set up to where the commissioner was more likely to chose in the favor of the owner not the "slave".

-Starts to change the viewpoint of northerners to sympathize with slaves.

-Turns North against South.

Anthony Burns

-BOSTON MASSACHUSETTS 1854

-Elderly Black Man

-Lived for years in Boston w/ white and black friends.

-Arrested and accused by the descendants of his original owner of being there property.

-Taken to jail to await his trail in FUGITIVE COURT SYSTEM.

-huge white mob trys to free Burns.

-They fail to free them.

-President Franklin Pierce dispatches the army to prevent another mob.

- Burns Ordered to be Returned to slavery.

-The day Burns was to get on the ship to go back to slavery more than 1000 people peaceful protest.

-Eventually Boston purchased Burns freedom.

-Burns returns to Boston.

-Turns northerners against slavery.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

-Virginia plantation

-Uncle Tom was a nice slave that was owned by a nice master.

-The owner dies and the daughter sells uncle tom to a sugar plantation.

-The owner of this plantation was a transplant Yankee.

-He beat uncle tom to death.

-THIS SHOCKED THE NORTH BECAUSE THIS WAS ONE OF THEIR PEOPLE THAT HARMED UNCLE TOM

-Made the North realize they were just as wicked.

-Caused more northerners to join the abolishon cause.

-First book told from slaves point of view.

-Made northerners donate money to the abolition movement.

Moderate Free-Soiler

They wanted to prevent the spread of slavery because they believed it was bad for white people (small farmers and white works)

Abolitionist

-Didn't support slavery

-Black abolitionist were impatient

-Wanted to see slavery abolished even though the economy was ups be upset.

Margaret Gains

-Kentucky

-Tried to runaway from slavery with children.

-was tracked down in the woods with two children.

-kills daughter and trys to kill son but was unsuccessful.

-Margaret and son were returned to slavery.

-Made Northerners sympathies.

Hinton R Helper

yeoman farmer NC

-Racist but anti-slavery

-wrote a book called impending crisis.

-came out the same time as uncle toms cabin.

-Anti slavery book but not a moral book.

-Slavery is the reason for no urbanization of the south.

-was based more upon economics rather than idealism.

-Stated slavery was destroying white economic increase.

-For them to grow political economic they have to ban slavery.

-In order to free white people you must end slavery.

-He eventually moved north.

-White south slave owners dominated non slave owners.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

-Daughter, wife, sister of important abolitionist men.

-believed in equality.

-Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.

-Never set foot into a slave state, or interview a black slave.

-Her research material was her brother father and husbands antislavery sermons.

-Southerners were correct it wasn't accurate but the damage had been done.

Missouri Compromise

-North-Dominated House of Representatives-moved west to escape city violence, but didn't want to move their if there was still slavery, because they could make no money.

-South- Dominated senate- moved west because of new lands and slavery population increasing too much for one state to handle.

-Northern population was lager than the Souths population, but their were more southerners that lived in Missouri.

-They tried to maintain a balance between free and slave states: Missouri reached the population threshold and needed to become a state, and their was already slave owners and slaves in Missouri.

-The problem was there was no northern state ready to become a state yet to balance it out.

-A representative from New York named James Talmage proposed an amendment that:

1. Keeps any new slave from entering Missouri

2. The slaves that are already in Missouri, reach the age of 25 they will be free.

-Talmage amendment set Missouri on a path of emancipation

-But this amendment was blacked by southern voters.

-Congress was at a deadlock.

-First time this had every happened. (Voted against party,but now voted with the south or north from which they were from)

-Missouri will become a slave state, and to maintain the balance Maine will open up from Massachusetts as a free state.

-12 free and slave states.

-Problem is Missouri is the first state from the Louisiana purchase to approach statehood, are we going to have a crisis every time a new territory is ready to reach statehood?

-CLAY proposal lets draw a boundary so every time their is a new state it will save us from an argument.

-Between slave (South) and free (North) 36 30 line

Henry Clay

-Congressman from Kentucky

-Founded a compromise for the Missouri Controversy.

-Voted by what was piratical.

-Always kept the nation from civil war multiple times.

-Proposed 36 30 line (Southern boundary of Missouri)

Election of 1828

-Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams

-Andrew Jackson won

Margaret Eaton

-Jackson appointed John Eaton as his secretary of war.

-Margaret Eaton was John Eaton's Wife.

-Margaret Eaton was the daughter of Washington D.C. tavern keeper.

-Married Timberlake from the U.S. Navy

-Timberlake is out at sea for months at a time, and Margaret would cheat on him.

-Including John Eaton.

-Gossip was Margaret children(s) father was John Eaton.

-John Eaton payed Timberlakes debts.

-Most people in Washington would not allow Margaret into their homes.

-Timberlake commits suicide.

-Properly you are supposed to mourn for 1 year after death, Margaret married John Eaton a few months later.

-Margaret and John was married on New years day because president Jackson had recommended that.

-MARGARET EATON DRIVES A WEDGE BETWEEN JACKSON AND CALHOUN

-Jackson said Margaret was an upstanding young lady.

Andrew Jackson

-Born in NC burnt his reputation there and then moved to TN.

-First man born into poverty to become president.

--Fought in the revolutionary war voluntary.

-Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and William H Crawford ran for president.

-Crawford suffered a health risk and dropped out.

-Clay Dropped out and told his voters to support Adams.

-Adams won election and made Clay Secretary of State.

-Jackson called corruption, that clay and Adams made a secret deal.

-Clay throw this election for his future political career, wanted to represent the west over Jackson, Clay knew he need to kill Jackson's political future if he was to become president.

-1828 Jackson ran again against Adams.

-Jackson and his followers claimed, "Adams used the tax $ to buy a billiard table for the white house." "Adams wear silk underwear." "Adams supplied women to Russia." (Adams is Corrupt, A pimp, and elite)

-Adams and his followers stated- "Jackson is a bastard, mother was a prostitute, Jackson was a murderer, and Committed Adultery." Jackson parents were married but father died. Mother moved in with family and raised him and several family members children. After battle of New Orleans arrested and killed runaway soldiers, this was cowardly. married a woman that was still technically married to another man.

-Great war hero in the battle of New Orleans

-Destroyed Creek Indians in the battle of horseshoe bend

John C. Calhoun

-Jackson's Vice President.

-Returns to SC and promotes succession.

-Floride Calhoun refused to associate with Margaret Eaton and this upset president Jackson.

-Forced he husband to chose her or Jackson and Margaret. John chose his wife.

-Jackson takes this as a personal insult.

-This is important because it ruined Calhoun future to become president.

-Future was with democratic republican party

-Martin Van Burren takes Calhouns place, and leaks information to the press that is associated to the Florida Campaign

-After Calhoun and Jackson's split Jackson finds out Calhoun tried to get him fired from the military.

Jackson's Florida Campaign

-Led by Andrew Jackson in 1819

-Florida was still apart of the Spanish empire.

-The capital was Pensa cola

-The Spanish governor had a few troops residing there.

-The Seminole Indians made a raid into Georgia and hit some plantations and liberated slaves and brought them back to Florida.

-This was a violation of american sovereignty.

-In response Andrew Jackson was ordered to take troops and pursue these Indians.

-Jackson is to go into FL hit the Indian camp, rescue the slaves and thats it.

-Andrew Jackson marches into FL and hits the Indians camp, and they recapture the slaves but they also find 2 British agents who had been giving money and weapons to these Indians.

-The appropriate thing for Jackson to do is arrest these agents, take them back to Washington D.C., So the US can figure out why the agents are supplying the Indians.

-Jackson instead had the British agents shot. which could have started a war between USA and Britain.

-Jackson doesn't return to Georgia, but goes to pensa cola and captures the Spanish Government.

-Now Jackson has gotten us involved in 2 wars one with Britain the other with the Spanish.

-The secretary of war(John C. Calhoun) writes a letter to president Monroe saying we can get out of this situation if we explain to the Spanish and British that Jackson violated his orders and we fire him from the military.

-British were embarrassed that they were caught and Spanish realized how easy it was for Jackson to take Pensa Cola that sooner or later they were going to loose FL.

-response of Spanish was to sell FL to the USA.

-1819 FL become USA Property.

Nullification

-Developed by John C. Calhoun

-Pure form of states rights.

-Any state that sees a federal law they can nullify it.

- SC passed a law against the tariff of abominations will not be collected.

-Similar to Thomas Jefferson KY resolution.

-important because Charleston was a busy port.

-all foreign ships will avoid somewhere they have don't have to pay the tariff.

-SC calls out army vs presidents army.

-SC hope other states would aid it, but they didn't.

Henry Clay

1 reduction in tariff

2 Sc accept tariff once lowered.

3. Congress pass force bill which aloud the president to become involved with state problems.

-Connected with Nate Turner uprising

-The southerners are loosing control of the national government.

Tariff of Abominations

-Southern referral

-Tariff raises money on foreign goods.

-Opposed in the ports other countries pay it.

-they are used to protect american businesses from foreign competition.

-Tariff Helps businesses Hurts consumers.

-Businesses helps the north.

-Tariffs was supported north and hurt south.

The Alamo

-a garrison

-doesn't surrender

-take 1000 of Mexican casualties with them

-but Texans loose in the end.

(March 1836) Old Spanish mission, fortified 250 Texan volunteers. their Goal was to bide time for Sam Houston to form army. Mexico attacked Alamo for 13 days, finally succeed killing everyone. Even Davy Crockett.

Stephen Austin

-Son of Moses Austin that was leading a group of southern people into Texas.

-Founder of the american civilization in Texas.

-Austin the capital is named after him.

Sam Houston

-former governor of Tennessee

-controlled Texan army but they flee toward the american boarder.

-Houston then calls out the volunteers.

-This is where TN get Volunteer state.

-Houston plans a surprise attack at the sandeseno river, and capture santa anna and force him to recognize Texas independence (1836).

-Also the Rio Grande river is the boundary of TX.

Texas Independence

-Texas was loosely controlled by the Spanish empire.

-Very few Mexicans lived there.

- The Mexican government offered free land to the american people

1 no slaves

2 no Protestant churches.

-The Mexican leaves them alone for 20 years.

-they did break all of these rules though.

-Santa anna establishes order in no more slavery in these areas or protestant churches, which begins the war for Texas's independence.

-when santa anna crosses the boarder the Texans declare independence.

Mexican-American War

-Mexican Government sends 2 more armies into TX, because they do not want to recognize the Rio Grande as the new boarder of TX.

54-40 or fight

-James K Polk

-Oregon Territory

Mexican Cession

Compromise of 1850

Wilmot Proviso

Congressman from Pennsylvania, proposes a bill, "all territories gained by war with Mexico will be free states, no slavery."

Southern Fireaters

extreme pro-slavery politicians who urged secession and formation of Confederacy

Slave Uprising Panic 1856

Texas and Louisiana; Texas marched to Louisiana, but there was no war; South was paranoid

Stephen Douglas

member of Illinois senate, senator of territories, "little giant", he was powerful, ran for president later, divided the compromise of 1850 into little legislation and passed all of it through congress, passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Popular Sovereignty

Southwest-Midwest

Slave Power Conspiracy

Slaves will come to power if they were free is the south

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Undone MO compromise

Boarder Ruffians

pro-slavery activists from slave state Missouri who crossed border over to Kansas to force acceptance of slavery; name was given by northern abolitionists and free-state settlers in Kansas

Pottawatomie Creek

Kansas john Browns massicure took place

Sure to sack of Lawrence

Beecher's Bibles

Riffles sent to Kansas to fight off southeners

Sack of Lawrence

Kansas

raide by pro slavery southeners to Kansas

John Brown

John Brown organizes a group to protest slavery at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His followers don't show up, he gets captured by US Army, and is sentenced to be hanged. This is an early example of slave abolitionism.

Personal Liberty Laws

Some states provided legal defense for slaves. Just made it harder for slave owners to recapture their slaves.

Charles Sumner

-Targeted andrew butler in a speech

-Was beat with a cane by brooks butler

-Showed north south was hostile

William Walker

Took over Nicaragua and tried to re-imposed the institution of slavery

Filibusters

People who put together military for the purpose of invading and taking over latin america land. Gaining ruleship of it, and giving to to the U.S. it comes from the spanish word = freebooter

Dred Scott Trail

Supreme Court Rejected the appeal because he is not American

Lecompton Constitution

Legal constitution the was written by pro slavery southeners that wanted slavery in Kansas

Was a legal construction that didn't have the interest of the public

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

Chicago il

Douglas won

Foreshadow of Lincoln president

Republican Party

Anti-Slavery party who proposed that slavery not be allowed in the newly acquired territories. The first Republican candidate was John Fremont in 1856, who lost to James Buchanan with 33% popularity, signifying that Republicans had a backing. Lincoln party

Harpers Ferry

Virginia

John brown southeners conspiracy

Raided Virginia to free slaves and was apart of the two republicans that funded his campaign

Brown killed three black while trying to free slaves.

Alabama Platform

-Democratic divided over two different main running people

-Voted down

Constitution and Union Party

-they were for the constitution and had Union traits

-the moderate party

-wanted the House of Representatives to have a remote.

Election of 1860

- Republicans Expand Their Political Base: Try to appeal to more voters, northern

- Abraham Lincoln (IL): not abolitionist, slavery was wrong, slowly end it, humble, Free-Soiler.

- Disarray in the Democratic Party:

southern - protect slavery in territories

northern - popular sovereignty

- Constitutional Union Party: John Bell from TN

~ Lincoln Becomes the President: Without one southern vote ~

Lower South Session

-they believed the Lincoln of 1858

Upper South Conditional Unionism

If they didn't go to war they would be apart of the union

Jefferson Davis

o President of Confederacy

o Graduated West Point

o Mr. Manny attitude

- States' Rights

o "the states are more powerful then government"

o His own states wouldn't help him

- Lack of a Second Party

o You result in factions, Bickering... many of his congress don't like him

Abraham Lincoln

o Very wise (politically and militarily)

o Grew into the job

o Very humble

o Pragmatic = did what was best for nation even if he did not like it.

o He understood the big picture

o "If this man will bring me victories I will hold his horse."

- had to deal with War Democrats & Copperheads

o War Democrats - support the war

o Peace Democrats - Copperheads

Fort Sumner

April 12, 1861

-the start of the civil war

- fort of 80 men surrounded by southern army

- Lincoln resupplies the fort

- 4:30am confederates bombard Fort for 33 hours

Crittenden Compromise

- Protect slavery in states where it already exists

- Extend the 36-30 line to CA. "in territories held or hereafter acquired"

- Government will compensate slave owner of runaway slave.

- These proposals became new amendments to the constitution, they can never be amended they can never be repealed...

Upper South Session

They didn't want to until a war broke out

Confederate Advantages

Military Leadership

Union Advantages

Presidential Leadership

Military Leadership

Population

Industry

Established army

Transportation

International Diplomacy

Manassas

VA, July 1861

- First major battle between North and South

- Confederate victory

~ Everyone realized it's not going to be wrapped up in one battle

Robert E Lee

Brilliant military commander near Virginia

- Could predict other armies actions

- Always outnumbered

- His boldness made up for that

- Greatest victory: splits his armies 3-4 times bold

Stonewall Jackson

Thomas Jackson; had very little respect from students before battle of Manassas (in charge of 2nd position); his men defeated Union army; South believed he was God's will for the South and God favored them

Antietam

Sharpsburg (Antietam Creek)(MD)(Sept. 1862)- Lee decides to take risk and invade the north. Before this point fighting took place into the south. He and McCleland battle and draw. Both sides have success. This was the bloodiest single day in the history of US. 25 thousand people were killed on this day.

Ulysses S Grant

- Very quick, very decisive, did not panic, cool headed, very determined.

- seized the initiative and would not let up

- Greatest Victory: deep in south territory Mississippi.

~took Lincoln 3 years into war to realize this was his man~

William T Sherman

Northern military general

Fort Henry & Fort Donelson

(TN) (Feb. 1862)

- Fort Henry protects the TN River

- Donelson protects the Cumberland River

- Grant takes both Forts

~Nashville first confederate capital to fall~

Shenandoah Campaign

famous 7-day battle in Virginia; big victories for Confederate army, especially Jackson

Gettysburg

(July 1-3, 1863)

- Lee invades North again

- For 3 days both armies fight a life or death battle

- 1st day Confederates push Union troops

- 2nd day Confederates attack different ways

- 3rd day Lee's army cut down by walking across open field

- Most costly, 50,000 for both sides

~ Turning point of war ~

Vicksburg

(MS) (May-July 4th 1863)

- It's on the Mississippi River

- Grant wants to take the town

- Tries 7 times to take it

- Marches army on the East, lays siege for 47 days

~ Gives the North full control of the Mississippi ~

Atlanta

(Sept. 1864)

- Union forces capture Atlanta 2 months before Lincoln is reelected

- boosts his campaign, wins again

March to the Sea

After Sherman wins big battle in city of Georgia, he and his men torch everything in Georgia all the way to Savannah; convinces the south that the Confederacy can't protect the people; he then proceed to torch everything as he walks through S.C. and N.C.

Appomattox

Virginia battle; Grant and Lee fight to a stalemate; Lincoln orders Grant to go to the east to defeat Lee; Lee had less than 20,000 men with him because they went home to take care of their family; Grant surrounded Lee and Lee surrendered; practically end of the war

Copperheads

- Peace Democrats that fought against the union and hated the war.

- Some helped the South

Clement Vallandingham

was an Ohio politician and leader of the Copperhead faction of anti-war Democrats during the American Civil War.

New York City Riot

July 1863; Lincoln was shutting down any media that was against Northern policy or himself in general; He also announced a draft for union army and Emancipation Proclamation; Protesting censorship, hostel anti-draft, race riot-->turn on free blacks; a lot of northern immigrants were against Emancipation Proclamation because it allowed for job competition

US Sanitary Commission

was a private relief agency created by federal legislation to support sick and wounded soldiers of the United States Army (Federal /Northern / Union Army) during the American Civil War

Clara Barton

the first woman to go onto a battlefield in the United States to nurse the wounded soldiers; later, she set up the American Red Cross

Angel of the Battlefield

Lincolnites

a follower or adherent of Abraham Lincoln or of his policies : a person oriented toward or serving the Northern side in the Civil War

Parson Brownlow

Newspaper publisher. Editor of Whig. From the South

Richmond Riot

major riot by poor women with children and husband is fighting in war; upset with government because they will not help feed them anymore; broke in to government warehouses where food was kept for the soldiers; men started to jump in using axes and started looting businesses; happened down the road from Confederate White House; President Davis addressed riot on top of a wagon, throws all the money he has at them and pleads them to stop; threatens the people to leave within 5 minutes or his will have men fire on them