Studied by 3 peopleTaylorism
Following management practices of the industrial engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor, the belief that factories should be managed in a scientific manner, utilizing techniques that would increase the efficiency of the individual workers and the factory process as a whole
Horizontal integration
Strategy of gaining as much control over a single industry as possible, often by creating trusts and holding companies; this strategy was utilized by John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil
Vertical integration
Strategy of gaining as much control over a single industry as possible by controlling the production, marketing, and distribution of the finished product
"Gospel of Wealth"
Philosophy of Andrew Carnegie who believed that wealthy industrialists had an obligation to help local communities and philanthropic organizations
Knights of Labor
Established in the 1880s, this was the major union of that decade
American Federation of Labor
National labor union formed by Samuel Gompers in 1886; original goal was to organize skilled workers by craft
Industrial Workers of the World
More radical than the American Federation of Labor, this union was formed in 1905 and attempted to unionize unskilled workers not recruited by the AFL
Gilded Age
Depiction of late nineteenth-century America that emphasizes a surface of great prosperity hiding problems of social inequality and cultural shallowness
Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
Federal act that established a civil service system at the federal level
Tammany Hall
Political machine that ran New York City Democratic and city politics became a model for other urban political machines in the late 1800s
1869
Knights of Labor founded in Philadelphia
1870
Beginning of Tammany Halls control over New York City politics
1877
Major strike of railroad workers; President Hayes sends in federal troops to break up strike in Pittsburgh
1879
Publication of Progress and Poverty by Henry George
1881
Assassination of President James Garfield
1882
Chinese Exclusion Act passed by Congress
1883
Pendleton Civil Service Act enacted
1885
Completion of Home Insurance Company building in Chicago, Americas first skyscraper
1886
Haymarket Square demonstration and bombing in Chicago
1887
Interstate Commerce Act enacted
1888
New Jersey passes legislation allowing holding companies
1890
Publication of How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis
1892
Ellis Island opens to process immigrants on the East Coast
1893
Beginning of major depression in America
1894
March of Coxeys Army on Washington, DC United States becomes worlds largest manufacturing producer
1896
Decisive victory of Republican William McKinley breaks decadeslong deadlock between Democrats and Republicans
1897
Americas first subway begins regular service in Boston
1901
Assassination of President William McKinley
1903
Ford Motor Company established
1905
Industrial Workers of the World formed
1906
Publication of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
1909
Strike of International Ladies Garment Workers Union in New York City
1910
Angel Island opens to process immigrants on West Coast Number of American children attending school nears 60 percent
1913
Webb Alien Land Law enacted, prohibiting aliens from owning farmland in California
1913
Ford Motor Company begins to use assembly line techniques; 250,000 automobiles produced in one year
1896
America begins to recover from great depression of early 1890s
Second Industrial Revolution
This revolution brought new industries like steel and chemicals, power sources like electricity and petroleum, and business structures like trusts to these Americans.
invisible hand
In the late 19th century, most American leaders believed in laissez faire economics and left business development to the "__________" of the market.
steel
The ______industry thrived by supplying railroads, builders, and other industries.
oil industry
The _______ provided fuel to factories as well as homes.
High-grade machine
_________ products enabled businessmen to launch new industries.
Anthracite
_________ coal mines in Pennsylvania and West Virginia lowered coal prices and accelerated the switch to steam power.
Steel production
These production flourished around Birmingham, Alabama, thanks to Apostles of the New South.
Modern textile
These mills in the South took advantage of cheap labor and raw materials.
American Tobacco Company
The Company started a new industry in Dixie with machine-made cigarettes.
Frederick W. Taylor
A mechanical engineer, founded "scientific management."
by the piece
Taylor advocated paying workers "_________" to encourage production.
Henry Ford
He established Ford Motor Company
craft
In 1910, Ford’s company produced 12,000 cars using a "__________" approach.
Andrew Carnegie
A penniless eight-year-old who immigrated to the US, became one of the world's richest men by manufacturing steel.
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil, founded by ____________, once dominated American oil.
Interstate Commerce Act
The ____________ of 1887 banned business collusion that hurt consumers.
trust
This allowed subsidiary company stockholders to "trust" their shares to Standard Oil's corporate board.
Social Darwinists
___________ like William Graham Sumner believed human interactions reflected Charles Darwin's "natural selection" principle.
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie's "__________" softened Social Darwinism.
Robber Barons
Despite their charitable giving, many industrialists of this period were called "__________" for their Social Darwinist treatment of workers.
Knights of Labor
They were the most influential 1870s union. They sought to represent all workers, not just shoemakers. Their union recruited immigrants, African Americans, and women.
Haymarket Square tragedy
The tragedy convinced many Americans that labor organizations like the Knights of Labor fostered violent extremism.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
This outperformed the Knights of Labor.
Samuel Gompers
A tough and cunning leader, kept the AFL away from political and social radicalism for many years.
1892 Carnegie Steel Company
The __________ strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and the 1894 American Railway Union strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company garnered national attention.
1894 American Railway Union
The _________ strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company garnered national attention.
Eugene V. Debs
he led the American Railway Union (ARU).
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Western industrial miners formed this union under harsh working conditions.
Wobblies
Members of the IWW
Big Bill Haywood
The leader of the IWW was _________ of the Western Federation of Miners.
International Ladies Garment Workers Union
This Union struck New York City in 1909.
Angel Island
Island in San Francisco was a Pacific Coast reception center.
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
This restricted Chinese laborers' entry into the US.
Chinatowns
Many Chinese moved to ethnically homogenous "_____________" in big cities to avoid racism.
1898 annexation
Hawaii's _______ allowed Japanese residents to work on farms in California.
San Francisco Board of Education
In 1906, the ___________ separated Asian students into separate schools.
Webb Alien Land Law
The persistently anti-Japanese Californians passed the ____________ in 1913, barring noncitizen Asians from owning land in the state.
Lower East Side
New York City's ___________ was the world's most densely populated at the end of the nineteenth century.
elevated trains
New York City introduced this in 1867
subway
Boston introduced this in 1897.
Louis Sullivan
From Chicago, he designed the first "skyscrapers."
Home Insurance Company
This company building in Chicago, completed in 1885, was a pioneering office building. The ten-story building had four elevators.
Mark Twain
Her popularized the term Gilded Age
Congressman James Garfield
From Ohio, he’s the Republican nominee, also called for spoils system reform.
President Chester A. Arthur
He who supported the spoils system, supported reform.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Congress passed this act in 1883 to remove political control over government jobs.
James Blaine
Maine Senator __________ was the Republican nominee.
He was accused of accepting stock for supporting railroad bills.
Grover Cleveland
New York Governor ________ was the Democratic nominee. He had an illegitimate child as a young man. “Ma, Ma, where's my Pa!” Republicans chanted during the election.
tariffs and currency
The Gilded Age's biggest political issues were __________.
Benjamin Harrison
Cleveland lost the Electoral College despite winning the popular vote. _____________, his Republican opponent, became president.
William McKinley
He was considered as the first “modern“ president because of the way he organized and concentrated power in his office.
Mark Hanna
The modern presidential campaign was started by ________, McKinley's campaign manager.
Tammany
The most famous political machine was New York City's _________ Hall.
William M. Tweed
The Tammany boss, and a corrupt group of officials stole millions from City Hall in the 1860s and 1870s.
Edward Bellamy
he wrote Looking Backward in 1888
Jacob Riis
He wrote How the Other Half Lives in 1890
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair’s expose written in 1906; mainly about Chicago's meatpacking industry, made waves.
nationalism
In 2000 Boston, the book's hero discovers peaceful economic "___________" has replaced unfettered capitalism.
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