HGHW Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Mayan Agriculture

slash and burn

How was Egypt unique compared to most other early civilizations?

Women enjoyed a higher quality of life such as the right to divorce and enter priesthood

Mayan writing system

Hieroglyphics

How did the Aztec's geography impact the civilization?

Because Tenochtitlan was built on Lake Texcoco, the Aztecs had to create chinampas

Two things all cultural hearths had in common

cultural diffusion and innovation

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

How did the Mayans transport goods?

humans

Fertile Crescent

area of land that is between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

What caused the decline of the Maya?

unknown

Why civilizations developed in the Tigris and Euphrates

Periodic flooding of the rivers left rich soil which was idea for farming

Cultural Hearth

Locations on Earth's surface where specific cultures first arose.

This started centuries of colonization and conquest between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

the arrival of Columbus in the New World

The desert climate in this early civilization protected them from outside invaders for thousands of years

Ancient Egypt

monotheistic religion

Belief in one God

Three monotheistic religions

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Religion has the highest number of followers worldwide

Christianity

World's oldest religion

Hinduism

push factors

a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region

pull factors

Factors that induce people to move to a new location.

religious persecution, violence & war, lack of resources, and poverty

examples of push factors

religious freedom, employment opportunities, better climate, and higher wages

examples of pull factors

Nativism

The belief that native-born white Americans are superior to new comers

Three types of population pyramids

rapid growth, slow growth, negative growth

population pyramids are used to analyze...

growth/decline of fertility, mortality, and the number of males and females in a population

Country with the highest population in the world

China

How do you find population density?

number of people/land area

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Emigration

movement of individuals out of an area

immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Where are most national parks in the US located?

the west

the first national park in the US

Yellowstone

Megalopolis

a region in which several large cities and surrounding areas grow together

three areas of the US that are the most densely population

west coast, northeast, great lakes

urban sprawl

widespread, unmanaged growth

Urbanized population

the proportion of a country's population living in cities

world cities

extraordinarily large settlements that have populations of over 10 million

conurbation

cities that grow and merge together

metropolitan area

a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

command economy

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

market economy

Economic decisions are made by individuals or the open market.

mixed economy

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion.

Scarcity

A situation in which unlimited wants exceed the limited resources available to fulfill those wants

free trade

international trade free of government interference

export

send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

import

bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale