Exam 4

Presence of Specialized Cells (Specific Function) * Tissue - Group or layer of S.C. * Skin - Epithelial cells * Cardiac - Muscle cells
Symmetry * Asymmetrical - No line of symmetry (Sponges) * Radial - Sectioned into identical halves * Bilateral - Split into a mirror image
Gut Formation * Protostomes - Mouth first * Deuterostomes - Mouth second * One direction (mouth to anus or anus to mouth)
Growth * Molting - Shedding outer covering * Continuous - Adding to their existing body

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) * No tissue * Hollow tubes or canals * Feed through pores * Free swimming larvae * Move as adults
Cnidaria * Radially symmetrical * Tentacles with stingers * Sea Anemones * Tentacles on top of body * Free swimming larvae and adults move a few inches * Corals * Secrete calcium carbonate shell * Energy from algae (zooxanthellae * Z gives oxygens and nutrients * C gives C02
Worms * Flatworms * Well defined and tail regions * Grow by adding * Herm. * Asexual and sexual * Mouth = anus * Roundworms * Unsegmented * Strong, flexible cuticle * Molt * Segmented * Polychaeta * Marine worms (lateral bristles) * Oligochaeta * Earth * Burrow in ground * Adds nutrients to the soil * Hirudinea * Leeches * Not all bloodsuckers * Eat other worms, snails, and insect larvae
Mullusca * Shell * Mantle (tissue forms the shell) * Radula (tongue structure) * Body Mass
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Arthropoda
Millipedes/Centipedes
Chelicerates
Crustaceans
Insects

Metamorphosis and ==ability to fly== (Insects) * ==Escape from predators== * ==Move from one place to another== * Complete/==Incomplete== * Division of organisms into 3 stages (83%) * ==Doesn’t pass through separate stages (17%)==

Mammals * Monotremes - Eggs * Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body * Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet) * Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell * Laid in or near water * Amphibians (Dual Life) * Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Vertebral Column * Lampreys
Jaw, Paired Appendages * Cartilaginous Fishes
Intenal Bony Skeleton * Fay-Finned Fishes
Lobed Appendages * Laobe-Finned Fishes
Legs with Multiple Digits * Amphibians
Amniotic Egg * Reptiles and Birds
Mammary Glands, Hair * Mammals
Groups
Mammals * Monotremes - Eggs * Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body * Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet) * Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell * Laid in or near water * Amphibians (Dual Life) * Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)

Protist * Algae
Plants * Eukaryotic * Multicellular * Cant move * Cell wall * Alternation of Generations
Fungi * Eukarya (Mono) * Hetero - Decomposers or symbionts * Moving * Cell Wall (Chitin)

Non- Vascular - Earliest * Water and nutrients (diffusion) * Haploid spores * Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seedless Vascular - Next split
Water and nutrients (circulatory system)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seeded Vascular - Last big split
Gymnosperms - Cone producing * Pine, furs and redwoods
Angiosperms - Flower producing * Fruit and nut trees, grasses, cactus and herbs

^^Pollination^^ * ^^Trickery^^ * ^^Bribery^^
^^Seed Dispersal^^ * ^^Hitching a ride^^ * ^^Flying and floating^^ * ^^Food Source^^

Relationships * Symbionts * Fungus get sugar * Plant get nutrients
Uses * Food Source -Cap * Antibiotic - Penicillium * Bread - Yeast * Bioluminescent -Glow in dark

Domain -Dont
Kingdom - Kill
Phylum -People
Class - Cuz
Order -Other
Family
Genus - Get
Species -Sad
Specific Epithet - Species name is the Genus and Species
Three Domains * Bacteria - 1 King. * Archaea - 1 King. * Eukarya - 3 Dom. 6 King.

An organism that cant be seen without a microsope * In all 3 Domains * Genetically diverse: 500,000 * Live almost every place on Earth 5F - 750 * Eat anything * Abundant
Evolution * Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotic) * Eukarya * Arose from endosymbiosis - Lrg. cell engulfed another

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