Exam 4

@@Characteristics of All Animals@@

Presence of Specialized Cells (Specific Function)
- Tissue - Group or layer of S.C.
- Skin - Epithelial cells
- Cardiac - Muscle cells
Symmetry
- Asymmetrical - No line of symmetry (Sponges)
- Radial - Sectioned into identical halves
- Bilateral - Split into a mirror image
Gut Formation
- Protostomes - Mouth first
- Deuterostomes - Mouth second
- One direction (mouth to anus or anus to mouth)
Growth
- Molting - Shedding outer covering
- Continuous - Adding to their existing body

Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
- No tissue
- Hollow tubes or canals
- Feed through pores
- Free swimming larvae
- Move as adults
Cnidaria
- Radially symmetrical
- Tentacles with stingers
- Sea Anemones
- Tentacles on top of body
- Free swimming larvae and adults move a few inches
- Corals
- Secrete calcium carbonate shell
- Energy from algae (zooxanthellae
- Z gives oxygens and nutrients
- C gives C02
Worms
- Flatworms
- Well defined and tail regions
- Grow by adding
- Herm.
- Asexual and sexual
- Mouth = anus
- Roundworms
- Unsegmented
- Strong, flexible cuticle
- Molt
- Segmented
- Polychaeta
  - Marine worms (lateral bristles)
- Oligochaeta
  - Earth
  - Burrow in ground
  - Adds nutrients to the soil
- Hirudinea
  - Leeches
  - Not all bloodsuckers
  - Eat other worms, snails, and insect larvae
Mullusca
- Shell
- Mantle (tissue forms the shell)
- Radula (tongue structure)
- Body Mass
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Arthropoda
Millipedes/Centipedes
Chelicerates
Crustaceans
Insects

Mammals
- Monotremes - Eggs
- Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
- Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
- Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
- Laid in or near water
- Amphibians (Dual Life)
- Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Vertebral Column
- Lampreys
Jaw, Paired Appendages
- Cartilaginous Fishes
Intenal Bony Skeleton
- Fay-Finned Fishes
Lobed Appendages
- Laobe-Finned Fishes
Legs with Multiple Digits
- Amphibians
Amniotic Egg
- Reptiles and Birds
Mammary Glands, Hair
- Mammals
Groups
Mammals
- Monotremes - Eggs
- Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
- Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
- Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
- Laid in or near water
- Amphibians (Dual Life)
- Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)

Protist
- Algae
Plants
- Eukaryotic
- Multicellular
- Cant move
- Cell wall
- Alternation of Generations
Fungi
- Eukarya (Mono)
- Hetero - Decomposers or symbionts
- Moving
- Cell Wall (Chitin)

Non- Vascular - Earliest
- Water and nutrients (diffusion)
- Haploid spores
- Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seedless Vascular - Next split
Water and nutrients (circulatory system)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seeded Vascular - Last big split
Gymnosperms - Cone producing
- Pine, furs and redwoods
Angiosperms - Flower producing
- Fruit and nut trees, grasses, cactus and herbs

^^Pollination^^
- ^^Trickery^^
- ^^Bribery^^
^^Seed Dispersal^^
- ^^Hitching a ride^^
- ^^Flying and floating^^
- ^^Food Source^^

Relationships
- Symbionts
- Fungus get sugar
- Plant get nutrients
Uses
- Food Source -Cap
- Antibiotic - Penicillium
- Bread - Yeast
- Bioluminescent -Glow in dark

Domain -Dont
Kingdom - Kill
Phylum -People
Class - Cuz
Order -Other
Family
Genus - Get
Species -Sad
Specific Epithet - Species name is the Genus and Species
Three Domains
- Bacteria - 1 King.
- Archaea - 1 King.
- Eukarya - 3 Dom. 6 King.

An organism that cant be seen without a microsope
- In all 3 Domains
- Genetically diverse: 500,000
- Live almost every place on Earth 5F - 750
- Eat anything
- Abundant
Evolution
- Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotic)
- Eukarya
- Arose from endosymbiosis - Lrg. cell engulfed another