RLE 6F - Determining TBSA and Fluid Replacement Computation; Peritoneal Dialysis; Hemodialysis; ABG Analysis; Cystoclysis

An artificial device designed to replace a missing body part, potentially lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.

Prosthetic

- Is a measure of the acidity/alkalinity of blood,

normal: 7.35- 7.45

Blood pH

It is a tissue GRAFT taken from one part of a person's body and transplanted to another part of the SAME individual.

Autograft

-Aka XENOGRAFT

- tissue GRAFT obtained FROM a donor of a different SPECIES (animal) than the recipient.

Heterograft

Heterograft AKA....

XENOGRAFT

A GRAFT of tissue or an organ transplanted from a donor of the SAME SPECIES but with different genetic makeup.

Homograft

PRIMARY structural PROTEIN found in connective tissues

Collagen

-provides STRENGTH + STABILITY

Condition: characterized by RIGID TIGHTENING of muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin

Contracture

Condition: PERMANENT SHORTENING of tissue -> fx impairement

Contracture

Refers to a skin GRAFT created from the patient's OWN KERATINOCYTES, which are grown in a LABORATORY to form cohesive sheets.This

Cultured Epithelial Autograft

A PROCEDURE involving the REMOVAL -> dead, damaged, or infected tissue from a wound.

Debridement

refers to the area of the body from which skin/tissues are HARVESTED for grafting.

Donor Site

A type of dead tissue that forms over a wound due to necrosis

Eschar

A therapeutic practice utilizing water for health benefit

Hydrotherapy

A surgical connection created between an artery +vein to provide an access point for hemodialysis.

Arteriovenous Fistula

Is an abnormal connection between artery and vein

Arteriovenous Shunt

A medical treatment that performs the functions of the kidneys when they are unable to adequately filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood

Dialysis

Is a cleansing fluid composed of water, electrolytes, and salts used during dialysis to filter and clean the blood by removing waste products.

Dialysate

AKA artificial kidney and serves as a medical device used in hemodialysis to filter blood.

Dializer

The process through which solutes move from an area of higher concentration -> area of lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Diffusion

Refers to EXTREME BLOOD LOSS occurring from a site OR DRAINING

Exsanguination

Is a form of dialysis where blood is filtered outside the body using a machine equipped with a dialyzer. This treatment removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys can no longer perform these functions.

Hemodialysis

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to one of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis

Ultrafiltration

Tenckhoff catheter

A potential space in the abdomen between the peritoneum's lining and the internal organs.

Peritoneal Cavity:

During peritoneal dialysis, this cavity is filled with dialysate, allowing waste products and excess fluids to be absorbed from the blood through the peritoneal membrane.

A renal replacement therapy that uses the peritoneum as a membrane through which fluids and solutes are exchanged.

Peritoneal Dialysis

The process of removing excess fluid from the blood, employing pressure to drive fluid across a semipermeable membrane

Ultrafiltration

Type of catheter used for peritoneal dialysis

Tenckhoff catheter:

AKA continuous bladder irrigation, is defined as the continuous flushing of the bladder with a sterile saline solution.

Cystoclysis

This process aims to manage various conditions by maintaining bladder hygiene and ensuring the free flow of urine.

Cystoclysis AKA

CONTINUOUS BLADDER IRRIGATION

What soln used for cystoclysis

Sterile saline soln

clinical procedure used to assess collateral circulation in the arm

Allen's Test

if the color returns within 5-15 seconds, it indicates that the ulnar artery can sufficiently supply blood to the hand

what arteries involved in allens test?
which artery released
how many seconds to return to color

radial + ulnar artery
ulnar artery
5-15sec

List ABG sites:

- Brachial Artery
- Femoral Artery
- Dorsalis Pedis Artery
- Posterior Tibial Artery
-Peripheral Venous Blood Gas (VBG)

It refers to the regulatory processes that maintain the pH level of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF) within a narrow range, typically between 7.35 and 7.45.

Acid base Homeostasis:

A vital electrolyte that plays a significant role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance by acting as a BUFFER

Bicarbonate

A condition marked by an excessive accumulation of acid in the body fluids, resulting from either increased acid production or inadequate acid removal by the kidneys.

Metabolic Acidosis:

It occurs when the body's pH level rises above normal due to:

- excess of bicarbonate

- loss of acid.

Metabolic Alkalosis:

Is the form of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen, facilitating the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Oxyhemoglobin

A condition that arises when the lungs fail = expel carbon dioxide, resulting in increased acidity in the blood (pH <7.35).

Respiratory Acidosis:

It occurs when hyperventilation leads to reduced levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing an increase in pH.

Respiratory Alkalosis

TBSA stands for:

total body surface area

pH normal level

7.35 - 7.45

PaCO2 normal

35 - 45 mmHg

PaCO2 > 45 mmHg

Respiratory Acidosis

PaCO2 < 35 mmHg

Respiratory Alkalosis

HCO3 normal

22 - 26 mEq/L

HCO3- < 22 mEq/L

Metabolic Acidosis

HCO3- > 26 mEq/L

Metabolic Alkalosis

type of burn: Burn injury through contact with hot liquids/stea

Scald

type of burn: This type of injury takes place when the electrical current EXCEEDS the skin's resistance and flows through the body.

cONDUCTIVE injury

-This results in the electricity traveling through nerves and vessels and outside bones, generating heat, and damaging tissues/nerves. Muscle contraction may also be evident. Such major effects are often due to high-voltage (>1000 volts).

type of burn Electrical flash which generates heat and light.

Flash injury

type of burnL Also referred to as ‘Frostbite’. Cold/ice burns occur as a result of prolonged exposure to a cold environment or direct contact with an extremely cold material.

Cold Exposure:

What are the phases of burn care: (EAR)

1. Emergent/resuscitative

2. Acute/intermediate

3. Rehabilitation

-Begins when diuresis starts

- Ends when wound closure is complete

- Begins 48-72 hours after the burn

injury

Acute/intermediate

Phase of burn care:

- Begins when injury happens

- Ends with capillary permeability

restoration (fluid restoration)

Emergent/resuscitative

Phase of burn care:

-Starts when there is wound closure

- Ends with patient's return to an

optimal level

Rehabilitation

Burn depths (4)

1. Superficial Burns (First-degree)

2. Partial Thickness Burns (Second-Degree)

3. Full-Thickness Burns (Third-Degree)

4. Full-Thickness burns including Fat, Fascia, Muscles, and/or Bone (Fourth-Degree) (deep burn necrosis)

burn classification: Superficial Burns, AKA

First-degree burns

burn classification: second-degree burns

partial thickness burns

type of burn: !EDEMA! !BLISTER FORMATION!

PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS (second-degree burns)

type of burn: sensitivity to air currents

PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS (second-degree burns)

type of burn:

-Tingling

-Hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity)

-Pain soothed by cooling

-Peeling

-Itching

-Reddened blanches with pressure

first-degree burn (superficial burns)

term: Red pigment in urine and possible hemolysis

Myoglobinuria

type of burn: third-degree burn AKA

Full-Thickness Burns

type of burn:

-color change - pale/white/red

-coagulated vessels

-insensate

-possible contact points

third-degree burns

classification of burns: Full-thickness burns including Fat, Fascia, Muscles, and/or Bone (Fourth-Degree) AKA

Deep burn necrosis

term: hyperesthesia AKA

hypersensitivity

type of burn:
-charred appearance
- requires amputations + hair affected

fourth-degree burns

TBSA: Most common method to estimate TBSA

Rules of nine

TBSA: More precise method + considers age

Lund and Browder Method

TBSA: Uses palm + fingers

Palmer method

Rules of nine: Head

Entire:

Anterior/posterior:

9%
4.5%

Rules of nine: Arm

Entire:

Anterior/posterior:

9%
4.5%

Rules of nine: Trunk

Entire:

Anterior/posterior:

inferior/superior:

36%
18%
9%

Rules of nine: groin

Entire:

Anterior/posterior:

1%

Rules of nine: Leg

Entire:

Anterior/posterior:

18%
9%

parkland formula aka

Braxton formula

Most common method to calculate fluid restoration:

Parkland formula

fluid restoration mL:

-thermal/checmial:
-electrical:

-thermal/chemical: 2mL
-electrical: 4mL

colloid or crystalloid: blood/blood products

colloid

colloid or crystalloid: NSS

crystalloid

dialysis: tube inserted to necl/chest//groin

Central venous catheter

FEEL the ____
Hear the ___

thrill
bruit