Distillation Techniques: Simple vs. Fractional

Distillation

Separation technique based on boiling point differences.

Simple Distillation

Technique for large boiling point differences (>50°C).

Fractional Distillation

Technique for close boiling point differences (<50°C).

Boiling Point

Temperature at which a liquid turns to vapor.

Vaporization

Process of converting liquid to vapor by heating.

Condensation

Process of cooling vapor to form liquid.

Distillation Flask

Container used for heating liquid mixtures.

Condenser

Device that cools vapor to liquid form.

Receiving Flask

Container for collecting condensed liquid.

Fractionating Column

Column enhancing separation in fractional distillation.

Separation Efficiency

Effectiveness of separating components in distillation.

Purification

Process of removing impurities from a substance.

Crude Oil Refining

Separation of crude oil into useful components.

Ethanol Distillation

Process of extracting ethanol from fermented liquids.

Chemical Industry

Sector utilizing distillation for chemical separation.

Single-stage Separation

Separation method in simple distillation.

Multiple Cycles

Repeated vaporization and condensation in fractional distillation.

Glass Beads

Material used in fractionating columns for surface area.

Temperature Gradient

Variation of temperature along the distillation column.

Non-volatile Substance

Component that does not vaporize during distillation.

Impurities

Unwanted substances mixed with the target liquid.

Liquid Mixture

Combination of two or more liquids.

Volatile Component

Substance that vaporizes easily at lower temperatures.

Heating Process

Initial step in both distillation techniques.

Condensed Liquid

Liquid formed from cooled vapor.

Seawater Distillation

Process of removing salt from seawater.

Purity Level

Degree of absence of impurities in a substance.

Applications of Distillation

Uses include refining, purification, and separation.

Alcohol Production

Distillation method for producing spirits.

Fraction Collection

Gathering different components based on boiling points.

Distillation Technique

Method used to separate liquid mixtures.

Boiling Point Difference

Key factor determining distillation method choice.

Liquid Purification

Removing contaminants from liquids like water.

Chemical Separation

Isolating chemicals based on boiling point differences.