Shakespeare Final Exam

Apostrophe

A direct address to something not ordinarily spoken to, such as an object, an abstract idea, or a non-human entity

Conceit

An extended metaphor establishing multiple points of similarity between two dissimilar things over more than one line of text.

Hyperbole

A bold overstatement or exaggeration

Metaphor

An assertion that one thing is something else, which in a literal sense it is not

Implied Metaphor

An assertion of identity between two dissimilar things that does not mention one of the things

Metonymy

Identifies an entity by referring to something closely associated with it. Ex: the white house put out a statement

Paradox

An assertion that appears to be contradictory, but on reflection makes sense

Personification

When an inanimate object or abstract concept is spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes

Pun

A play on words that sound the same but have different meanings

Simile

A comparison of two dissimilar things using a connective such as “like” or “as”

Synecdoche

The use of a part of something to stand in for the whole, or vice versa Ex lend me your ears,

Understatement

A deliberate representation of something in terms less important than it really deserves. example: shakespeare knew a little something about plays

King Richard II  

• He hears out both Mowbray and Bolingbroke's proclamations and accusations against the other  

• He agrees to their fight initially, and says it will happen on Saint Lambert’s day. However, when the day comes, right before they start fighting, he throws down his warder to stop the fight and announces that Bolingbroke and Mowbray should be banished instead. Bollingbroke is banished for 10 and then they switch to six years and Mowbray is banished forever.  

• Thought to be dead/defeated at he end of Act 2 sc 4  

• Understands Bolingbroke as a traitor  

• Experiences an identity crisis when his friends are dying, his kingdom betrays him and aligns with Bolingbroke. Being King was who he was, and that included the kingdom; he does not understand who he is if he is not king.  

• King Richard thinking that Bolingbroke does not serve God the same way he does 

• Lots of symbollism with Fire and Water between Kign Richard and King Henry (Bolingbroke) (page 129)  

• Bolingbroke understands himself as water and king richard fire.  

• King Richard agrees to give back to Bolingbroke what he took from him (133) 

• Resigns the crown due to his loss of power/comprehending that)  

• Sun imagery  

• Breaking the mirror, resemlaing how he understands his self, the state of his identity  

• Gets killed by Pierce Exton, body shown to Henry  

• Before Exton kills him he kills all the other murderers  

• Has a soliquey in 5.5  

John Bushy

• King Richards Friend 

• Flee to Bristol castle  

• Bolingbroke has him killed

John Bagot

King Richard’s Friend 

• Goes to Ireland to find Richard 

• randomly returns one day

• Misled a king, made queen sad, allowed him to be banised (kinga just going along with what the king says), let the king take lands and sell them loan them,  

Bristol Green

• King Richard’s Friend 

• Flee to Bristol Castle 

• Bolingbroke has them killed for:  

• Misled a king, made queen sad, allowed him to be banised (kinga just going along with what the king says), let the king take lands and sell them loan them,  

John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster

• Described as ‘old’ Gaunt,

• Richards Uncle 

• Father to Henry Bolingbroke  

• Believes Richard murdered Duke of Gloucester Thomas Woodstock 

• Dies shortly after his son is banished, the King then takes all his resources including land, and money to aid him in the Irish war, leaving nothing for Bolingbroke.  

• Believes richard is a terrible king, which he announces on his deathbed, which is rooted from Richard becoming a land lord of England and starting a war he cannot afford.  

• he dies in act 2, scene 1, after his son’s banishment

  
  

Henry Bolinbroke, later King Henry

• Son of Gaunt  

• King Richard is his cousin

• He challenges Thomas Mowbray to a duel after he accuses him of treason under God, as he thinks Mowbray killed the Duke of Gloucester.  

• He throws down his gaeg first to announce he wants to fight Mowbray to the death, in which God will determine who is true. 

• Banished for ten then switched to six year, but does not keep this promise. 

• Bolingbroke: Name is significant as his inheritance from his father is taken from him, leaving him seeminlgy broke, in whihc he takes out his revenge.  

• He sentences Green and Bush to die in act 3

• After his father’s death, he returns with an army, but the King is not there to defend. The Duke of York allows Bolingbroke to reside to the Bristol castle, where Richards friends retreated to.  

• By the time King Richard returns, Bolingbroke gathers an army  

• Describes himself as yielding water and king richard as fire. Yielding fire is symbolic of him not using the armies he has to attack King Richard, to put out his fire, but instead to yield and see if he will give the lands and resources back to him 

• Kills the people who were conspirng against him  

• He feels guilty for the death of Richard, and he is going to the Holy Land

Thomas Mowbray

• Duke of Norfolk 

• Accuses Bolingbroke of killing the Duke of Gloucester  

• He also throws his gaeg and wants to fight under God.  

• Instead, he gets banished for life  

• “Rebels are consumed with fire” connects back to Richard being understood as a flame

• dies in exile

Edmund Duke of York

• Bolingbrokes uncle uncle  

• Pledges alliegnace to King Henry  

• Warns king henry that there are people trying to kill him at Oxford, including his son, York wants his son dead for treason while his wife an son pleee to stay inncocent  

• Status/blood  

• He is made Lord Governor of England by King Richard while he is away at war, but Bolingbroke eventually convinces him to defect and join his rebel arm

Richard II: Queen

Garden metaphors for the state of the political and social contexts happening, also refrences King RIchard’s identity  

• Garden symbolism carries all the way to act 5 

• She wants to stay with King Richard, but he tells her she needs to go to France while he goes to Pomfret Castle  

Aumerle

• He is part of a conspiracy to kill henry but he conffesses to henry and he is pardoned but banished 

• Yorks son  

Exton

• Misunderstands Henrys word” Have I no friend ill rid me of tis leaving fear” 

• Exton believes that means Bolingbroke wants Richard dead but after he brings the body to Henry, henry claims that is not what he wanted.  

Lord Salisbury

• A lord loyal to King Richard. After trying unsuccessfully to manage Richard’s troops in Wales, he joins Richard in Wales, after Richard returns from Ireland. He is later beheaded for his part in the conspiracy against the life of the newly crowned King Henry IV.

Richard II: 1.1

Richard is informed by Gaunt of conflict between Bolingbroke and Mowbray 
- Both enter & flatter Richard before making accusations 
- B claims that M has embezzled money, plotted treason against the king as well as the death of Gloucester 
- Despite trying to ease the tension, Richard concludes that the men will fight & that God will protect the innocent man

Richard II1.2

- The Duchess of Gloucester demands that Gaunt avenge the death of her husband, since they were family
- Gaunt insists that Richard's power is that of God's, that he will settle this civil unrest
- The Duchess condemns herself to death

Richard II1.3

Bolingbroke and Mowbray prepare to fight but the duel is stopped by Richard who proclaims that civil blood must not be shed

• throws warder
  - He pronounces sentences of exile: Mowbray for life, Bolingbroke for 10 then 6 years
  - Gaunt is distressed by his son's banishment while Bolingbroke willingly abides to Richards power

Richard II1.4

- Richard questions Aumerle of his loyalty as well as the nation's liking towards Bolingbroke
- War is announced in Ireland, prompting Richard to tax the nation to fund his vanity project
- Gaunt is pronounced sick and Richard sees this as an opportunity to gain more money by stealing his land and wealth once he dies

Richard II2.1

• Gaunt laments the state of the nation & hopes that his final words will educate Richard of his exploitation
  - He presents an extended speech of natural imagery & England's fall into suffering
  - Richard enters & ignores his plea to which Gaunt criticizes his weakness to flattery
  - York also tries to educate Richard but is not recognised
  - York is made governor of England in Richard's absence
  - After all characters leave, Northumberland brings news of Bolingbroke's revolution

Richard II2.2

- The Queen, who remains in England, fears unknown danger about Richard's absence
- Bushy manipulates her into thinking her emotions are irrational and unnecessary
- Green enters announcing the return of B before York enters fearing that the common folk will favour B
- He feels conflicted between morality and loyalty to the crown

Richard II2.3

Bolinbroke travels south with Northumberland who appears sickeningly loyal
- Henry Percy illustrates how more are leaving Richard & Bolinbroke describes wanting to repay his supporters with his inheritance
- Outside Berkeley Castle, York reproves B for his rebellion despite B himself emphasising him only wanting inheritance
- York senses change to England

Richard II2.4

The Welsh Captain & Salisbury discuss how R is yet to return
- The Welsh army has disbanded, fearing for the worst
- They speak of bad omens in relation to nature

Richard II3.1

B accuses Bushy & Green of misleading R, denouncing them & sentencing them to death 
- He ensures that the Queen is looked after

Richard II3.2

- Richard arrives on the beeches of Wales & is pleased that the land had protected him on his journey
- Himself & Carlisle solidify the divinity of Kings in speeches
- Salisbury enters announcing the dispersal of the Welsh army, sending R into despair
- He curses his followers as traitors & launches into a monologue, identifying the burden of the crown & how it has enabled his behaviour
- Despite Carlisle telling him not to woe, R is no longer interested

Richard II3.3

Bolingbroke & support approach Flint Castle where Northumberland demands that B's rights be restored or he will cause chaos
- Richard speaks from above, demonising B before lamenting his own misfortunes
- R questions Aumerle if he is appearing weak
- He launches into grief and becomes willing to submit just to be amongst the common folk
- R descends to the main stage where he self-sacrifices to B, dismissing his signs of respect

Richard II3.4

The Queen, full of sorrow that she knows nothing of the current political state, overhears gardeners discussing the state of the nation
- They apply the metaphor of a young apricot pulling with weight to Richard & also question why they must tend to the garden that is England while the King doesn't care for it
- The Queen bursts out, claiming that someone else is to blame
- The gardener insists that nothing can be done, that this is God's plan

Richard II4.1

- Bolingbroke calls for Bagot, questioning him about the death of Gloucester (he blames Aumerle)
- Suspicions against Aumerle are made and gages are thrown
- Mowbray's involvement arises & Bolingbroke strives to repeal his banishment, only for Carlisle to announce Mowbrays death in Venice
- York enters, pronouncing Richard's willingness to sacrifice the crown, sending Carlisle into a speech of the wrongness of abdication: while no one is noble enough to judge Richard, if they continue, pain and suffering will be brought upon England
- Northumberland arrests Carlisle for treason
- Richard enters, offended that all those who once respected him have redirected their loyalty. He creates an uncomfortable environment by establishing their disobedience to God
- Richard hands the crown to Bolingbroke but does not let go: using the metaphor of a well, he establishes how his suffering as King will transpose upon Bolingbroke
- Northumberland asks to read Richards's sins aloud to justify the abdication but Richard refuses, stating that it won't solve anything
- Richard continues his dramatism by smashing a mirror as a representation of his broken identity, stating that kingship has become a mere sport
- After Richard is taken away, Westminster, Carlisle & Aumerle plot revenge as the last remaining supporters of R

Richard II5.1

Richard meets the Queen as he is led to the Tower of London
- He begs that she not grieve but she insists that he fight back against such injustices
- He tells her to tell his story to bring sorrow upon all those who hear it
- Northumberland declares that Bolingbroke has changed his mind and that Richard is to be taken to Pomfret & Queen to France
- Richard comments on the cyclicality of power, that Notherumburkand will soon want more

Richard II5.2

- York provides a glowing description of B's triumphant entry into London & the crowd's disrespect to R
- Aumerle enters (with the letter with the plot against B) and receives threats from his father of becoming a traitor to the King
- Y reads the letter and chaos breaks out
- The Duchess of York declares to protect her son

Richard II5.3

- Aumerle begs B for forgiveness before Y enters and demands his son be killed
- The Duchess insists she be heard as an aunt and a beggar
- B resolves the conflict by pardoning A as R did him, despite stating that the other traitors will be killed

Richard II5.4

- Exton discusses what he believes to be orders from B
- He misinterprets them, believing he was asked specifically to kill R

Richard II5.5

Alone in prison, Richard creates a world in his mind where he is respected, however, even these false people appear unhappy
- He hears music (from one last supporter?) and tries to control its time before recognising that he wasted kingship. Now, kingship will waste me
- A keeper enters to provide him food which he suspects is poisoned
- He strikes the keeper, prompting Exton to enter and kill him
- R dies claiming he is still the rightful king which causes Exton immense guilt

Richard II5.6

- Bolingbroke, now King Henry IV, listens to news of murders on his behalf in London
- Carlisle enters to receive punishment before Exton enters with Richard's coffin claiming that he has been killed for B
- Although he hates the act, he is content that R is dead but must repent in Jerusalem
- His final statement of washing blood from his hands parallels R with Jesus

Apostrophe

A direct address to something not ordinarily spoken to, such as an object, an abstract idea, or a non-human entity

Conceit`

An extended metaphor establishing multiple points of similarity between two dissimilar things over more than one line of text.

Hyperbole

A bold overstatement or exaggeration

Metaphor

An assertion that one thing is something else, which in a literal sense it is not

Implied Metaphor

An assertion of identity between two dissimilar things that does not mention one of the things

Metonymy

Identifies an entity by referring to something closely associated with it. Ex: the white house put out a statement

Paradox

An assertion that appears to be contradictory, but on reflection makes sense

Personification

When an inanimate object or abstract concept is spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes

Pun

A play on words that sound the same but have different meanings

Simile

A comparison of two dissimilar things using a connective such as “like” or “as”

Synecdoche

The use of a part of something to stand in for the whole, or vice versa Ex lend me your ears,

Understatement

A deliberate representation of something in terms less important than it really deserves. example: shakespeare knew a little something about plays

Twelfth Night: Orsino; The Duek of Illyria 

• Act 1  

• Described as older than olivia  

• First command of Violas is to get Olivia to speak to him,a nd confess Orsinos love for her 

• Act 2  

• Talks to Viola about love 

• Tells viola to give Olivia a jewel   

• Act 4 or 5:  

• Propses to viola 

• Has beef with anonio cuz he stole a ship

Curio

a lord that attends on Orsino

Twelfth Night:

Valentine

a lord that attends of Orsino

Twelfth Night:

Olivia

• A countess 

• Her brother is announced as dead in the first scence, Olivia is in mourning  

• Described as virtuous  

• Dad died, and then her brother took care of her then her brother died 

• Claims she will be in mourning for seven years 

• Olivia allows Cersaio to come in and hears him out but they just tell him that Orsino sent him to confess his love, but she starts to catch feels for him.  

• She claims that Orsino left a ring (but its hers?) she gives it to Mavilio to give “back” to Cesario (Viola)  

• Hates yellow  

• When Cesario comes to the castle, she professes her love, gets shut down but invites him back again 

• She stops the fight between who she think is Cersario and Andrew and Toby. She calls toby an ‘ungracious wretch, Hold OTby, Out of my sight” 

• Olivia tells Orsino she is married to Sebastian 

• She also has Fabian read Movollios letter and she tells Molvolio that it isnt her handwriting but it is Marias 

• Twelfth Night:

Sir Toby Belch

• Kinsman of Olivia  

• Act 1  

• Brings Olivia Sir NAdrew Aguecheek  

• Olivias Uncle  

• Wants Olivia to marry his friend Andrew 

• Convicnes Sir Andrew that he should write a letter challenging Cesario to a duel  

• Reveals in 3.2 that Andrew has given him money  

• Instigator  

• Does not care about people he tricks, he kinda puts both Andrew to death 

• Act 3  

• Challenges Andrew and Cersario to fight, after the fight is interupted and Cersario runs away he follows with Andrew

• him with the help of Maria, drive Molvolio into madness

• Sebastain beats him tf up

• Olivia is super annoyed at him

• Twelfth Night:

Malvolio

• Olivias Steward  

• Act 2  

• Super harsh and rude  

• Tys to stop andrew and toby and the clown from being so loud when olivia is grieivng, but does so in a way thats off putting 

• Finds a letter and thinks that Olivia is in love with him  

• The letter is written quite broad but he inteprets it as herself 

• Act 4 

• From the help of the clown, he writes a letter to Olivia, claiming he is of sound mind.  

• Act 5 

• He is broguht up from the dark chamber and shows Olivia the letter, and tells him that Maria did it  

• Everyone at this point kinda jsut concldues he is mad and nobdoy too angry bot it  

• Twelfth Night:

Maria

• Waiting gentlewomen of Olivia  

• highkey evil

• Act 1 

• Cunning, smart, does not let men step all over her  

• Act 2 

• Writes a fake letter for Malvolio to find, that is “from Olivia” 

• MOAI 

• Makes movolio think that Olivia loves his and his yellow stockings 

• The men praise her for her words and trickery  

• In the letter, she wants Molvolio to dress silly (in yellow) which is a color Olivia hates  

• Act 3 

• Maria find toby and fabian and tells them Mavolio is dressed up in yellow cross gartered, and on the way to see Olivia 

• Act 4 

• Gives the clown a fake beard and tells him to disgues himsslef as Sir Topaz the curate 

• Clown does so and goes down to see Malvolio 

• Act 5  

• Revealed to Molvolio that she wrote the letter but nothing more becomes of that...  

• Twelfth Night:

Twelfth Night:Clown

• Olivia’s Jester 

• intelligent 

• Act 2 

• Gets drunk with Andrew and Toby 

• Sings some songs about love 

• Dresses up as Sir Topaz and see Molvollio  

• Act 5 

• Closes the play with a song  

• Refuses to read the letter of madness

Sir Andrew Aguecheek

• A foolish knight courting Olivia  

• Act 1  

• Described again as foolish but also rich  

• Described by Maria as really bad at fighitng  

• Is a drunk  

• Rude to Maria, calls her a shrew  

• Him and toby are friends 

• Act 3. 

• Sir Andrew Tells toby that he doesnt think he will ever be with Olivia, sayign Olviia is kinder to Cersario then him, and Cesario sint of status, but Toby tell him to write a letter to Cersario to start a duel, Toby doubts that andrew will write the letter and that if he did that Cesario would fight   

• Toby declares the fight and they start, but the fight is paused

• He then sees sebastain and hhits him thinking its viola, then sebastian beats them up

• Twelfth Night:

Viola/Cesario

• Twin sister of Sebastian  

• Act 1 

• Winds up Shipwrecked in Illyria in the first scene because the ship split due to a storm  

• Brother is presumed to have drowned  

• Learns from the captain about Orsino pining for Olivia, that Olivias father then brother died so she isnt intrested in men atm   

• Wants to be disgusied as a man, and work under the duke, make money 

• Is asked by Orsino to go to Olivia, and profess that Orsino loves her 

• Disguised as Cesario goes to Olivia and professes Orsinos love for her, Olivia responds with a ive already heard i. Viola seems to be hyping up Olivia, claling her beautiful, they get. little flirty I think.  

• Act 2 

• Viola recieevs the ring, is informed by Mavolio that Olivia doesnt want to hear about Orsino but wants to see Cersanio (Viola again) 

• Viola has a seliquey describing the love triangle, she loves Orsino, Orsino loves Oliviva, and Olivia loves Cersanio 

• When asked wha type of women Cersario prefers by Orsino, Viola describes him: old, looks like you etc  

• Basically tells orsino he is a girl and in love with him but he doesnt catch on  

• Act 3 

• Viola goes to the castle as Cersario, and Olivia professes her love for him but Cersario denies, asserting that “he” will never love a woman  

• Verbally gets challenged to fight Andrew by Sir Toby,a nd they start to fight and Antonio enters thinking she is Sebastian, stopping the fight, Antonio asks her for the money purse which she doesn't have, and she realizes her brother is alove and goes to look for him  

• Act 5 

• Him and Orsino got to Olivias, her and her brothr reunite, asking each other a bunch of questions about their father. When it is revelaed to Orsino tha tOliva is married to sebastian, He propses to Olivia  

• Olivias clothes are with the captain Molvolio arrested  

• Twelfth Night:

Sebastian

• Twin brother of Viola  

• Act 2  

• Is pronounced alice in Act 2, saved by Antonio the sea captain 

• Discussess having a lot of misforutune  

• Explains to Antonio he is of high standing  

• Thinks his sister drowned  

• Hes grieving but is villianizing it 

• Says he is bound to Orsinos court 

• Act 3 

• Reunites with Antionio, is starting to feel like a burden  

• Recieves monet from Antonio  

• Act 4 

• The fool grabs him, assuming it is Cersaio to Olivias place, and Sir andrew sees him and hits him whcih starts a battle between Sebastian, Andrew and Toby. Olivia walks out tells andrew and toby to go away. Olivia invites him in, he questiosn his snaity here and how he got so lcuky  

• He marries Olivia! Olivia thinks he is Cersario. When Cesarios idneitty is rvealed she is chill with him being sebastion 

• Act 5 

• When him and Viola reunite, they ask each other a bunch of questions about their family to confirm each other 

• Twelfth Night:

Antonio

• A sea captain devoted to Sebastian  

• Act 2 

• Antonia rescues Sebastian  

• Wants to be Sebastians servant but he denies  

• Antonio claims he has too many enemies there  

• Act 3 

• Reunites with Sebastian and he gives Sebastian his money purse and they are going to stay somewhere in Illyria 

• Antonio is a parent like figure for Sebastina 

• Antonio, seeing who he thinks is sebastian, stops the fight, and gets arrested, he asks who he thinks is sebastian for the money purse.  

• Act 4 

• Brought to Olivias castle, he see Orsino and Cesario, thinking that he is Sebastian disucwsses how he has been with Sebastian for three months

• Twelfth Night:

Twelfth Night:1.1

• Orsino calls for music, it soothes him, he is in love with Olivia, but she is in deep mourning due to the loss of her brother and father and will not see any men  

•  Play is set in a fictional setting 

• Orsino speaks in blank verse, Shakespeare used for noble and high characters 

• Olivia claims she will be in mourning for seven years 

Twelfth Night:.2

• Viola survives a shipwreck and her brother sebastian last seen staying afloat, assumes he drowned, they landed in Illyria. The cpatain talks to her about Illyria. 

• Viola wants to work for Olivia, but the captain says she won't see anyone because of the losses, then she decides she wants to disguise herself and work for Cesario  

• Viola knows Orsino as a bachelor.  

• In the plays, young boys play the charecters of young girls  

• Viola working for Osino gerts money, and turning himself into a man weird thing with Sebastian

1.3

Twelfth Night:

• 1.3  

• Olivia's uncle and Maria talk about Olivia's grief.  

• low comedy characters speak in prose  

• Toby thinks Olivia needs to stop being sad  

• Andrew flirts with Maria, and Maria shuts it down

• Andrew knows Olivia won't see him but he decides to stay a month longer  

1.4Twelfth Night:

• three days have passed since the shipwreck, viola is now disguised as a boy is now Orsino's servant 

• Orsino commands Cersario to wait outside Olivias gate until she decides to speak with him, Orsino thinks because she is young, Olvia will let him in. 

• Viola has fallen in love with Orsino, Viola does not want to because she loves Orsino  

• Orsino describes Cersanio very feminitley, voice, lips etc 

Twelfth Night:1.5

• Maria brings the fool to Oliva in attempts to cheer her up. 

• Mavolia tells Olivia that there is a messenger, after some hesitation, she puts on a veil and lets him in  

• When Olivia takes off the veil, Cesario in resposne says something beautiful, causing Olivia to fall in love with him 

• Olivia rejects Orsino but syas to Cesario to come back again 

• Olivia give Malvolio a ring, lying saying that Cesario left it with him

Twelfth Night:2.1

• Sebastian arrives in Illyria from the help of Antonio, and is grieving his “dead sister viola”  

• Him and viola are twins, described as beautiful and intelligent  

Twelfth Night:2.2

• Malvolio finds cersario 

• Cersario tries to reject ring but Mavalio resists  

• Cersario figures out that she sent it as a gift because Olivia has feeling for him 

• Viola feels sorry for her 

• “i am the man” 

• Disguise causing problems  

• Viola's speech here super significant 

Twelfth Night:2.3

• At Olivia's house, toby and Andrew and the fool get drunk, sinigng , dancing  

• Maria and Malvolio try to quiet them down  

• They are mad at Malvolio so Maria plots revenge to connive Malvolio that Olvia is in love with him in a fake letter 

• Maria is the one to trick Malvolio 

Twelfth Night:2.4

• Orsino talks to Cersario about love 

• Cersario describes Orsino  

• Orsino tries to send Cersario, and tells him Olivia doesnt want to see him  

• Cersario ends up agreeing to go see Olivia  

• Viola basically tells orsino  who she is 

Twelfth Night:2.5

• Play the trick on Molvolio  

• Drop letter in garden and hide to watch 

• Malvolio confesses he wants to marry Olivia

Twelfth Night:3.1

• Viola as Cersario goes to see Olivia and is greeted by the fool 

• Have a funny bit moment, punny 

• Olivia professes love to Cesario, Cersario shuts it down by saying that he will never be intrested in women, Cersario says he wont visit her again but Olivia invites him back 

• Fool is wise  

• Cersario is quite harsh but has to be Olivia keeps pushing it 

Twelfth Night:3.2

• Sir Andrew tells Toby that he doesnt think he will ever be with Olivia, based on how she treats him compared to how she treat a servant like Cesario, toby gaslights him and said that Olivia is just trying to make you jealous, and toby encourages Andrew to write a letter to Cesario challenging him to a duel  

• Maria comes in and is like hey Malvolio i on his way to olivia in yellow cross gartered stocking  

Twelfth Night:3.3

• Antonio reunites with Sebastian but Sebastian is worried he is becoming an inconvenience to Antionio  

• They split up, Antionia has an enemy in town and cant be seen freely 

• Antonio gives Sebastian his money purse, so Sebastian can buy something 

• Sebastian does not want all this assistance  

• Antonio is a parent-like figur

Twelfth Night:3.4

• Olivia sends servant to retrieve Cersario 

• Malvolio is wearing stockings and refers tot he letter 

• Thinks he is crazy, offers to spend money to help him  

• Locks him up in a dark room,  

• Sir Toby decides bind and lock him as if he insane 

• Sir Andrew comes with his letter and challenges Cesario to a duel, but it isnt scary enoguh so he doesnt deliver it?  

• Sir Toby challnegs Cesario verbally to fight Andrew 

• Viola and Andrew dont want to fight but are egged on  

• Antonio enters the scene thingking sebastian is starting the fight and tries to stop it, gets arrested, and he asks viol for the money purse back thinking tis sebastian  

• Viola realizes her brother is alive, and runs off to look for him 

• Sir Toby and Andrew chase after her  

Twelfth Night:4.1

• The fool, who is sent by Olviia to retireve thinks Viola actually has sebastian, and Andrew slaps him, and they start to fight 

• Sebastian starts to fight both of them  

• Olivia invites sebastian into her house but she thinks it is Viola  

• Sebastian more aggressive, while Viola less aggressive  

Twelfth Night:4.2

• Maria asks fool to dress up to ask questions to Malvolio 

• Fool agrees to send letter to Olivia from Malvolio with a letter of his unjustly imprisonment  

• Letter will not be delivered and he will lanquish in imprisonment  

• Joke played on Malvolio, claimed as insane  

• Toby can't afford to keep joke going , Olivia getting super frustrated 

Twelfth Night:4.3

• Sebastain is confued and delighted by sitatuon 

• Trys to ground himself  

• Olivia gave him a pearl 

• Olivia appears with priest to marry her on spot  

• Maddness: Malvolio and Sebastians sanity  

• Throguuht the scene, she never calls him Cesario 

• Sebastian is chill with it  

• Both Sebastian and Olivia ends with rhymed couplet, as wedding vow 

Twelfth Night:5.1

Orsino goes to see Olivia 

- Orsino remeber Antonio  

- Sebastian and Viola reunite,  

- Orsino proposes to Viola  

-Olivia recognizes maria handwiritng in the letter 

End with Clowns song 

King Henry V

• Young recently crowner king of England 

• Smart, focused, fearless and commited to Kignship 

• Cares about the church 

• Young prince hal to mature king henry 

• 1.2 

• After hearing out Canterbury's explanation of why he can have claim to the throne of France, he thinks through how he could do it. He doesnt make rash descisons.  

• He is insulted by dauphines suggestion of him as young, dauhpin sends him tennis balls as a gift as he is essentially a child in dauphins eyes 

• Ends passage in heroic couplet  

• He has claim to an area of france, not well recieved by the king of france 

• 2.2 

• In the beginning of the scene he shows mercy to a man who was drunk and made a mistake, deomnstrating Henry’s charcter as using discretion and using law without abusing his power. He is criticized for showing mercy by Scrope, Campbridge and Grye, but essentially the Kign tells him he is more worried about serious crimes then little crimes, which foreshadows the three of them committing a seriosu act of treason  

• He feels betrayed the most by scrope because he felt the closest to scrope and told him secrets  

• He sentences them to death for treason  

• He ends another scene with a heroic couplet, a nod to his eloquent and academic spekaing and to his charecter as a good king  

• Shows readers how wise he is in a threat to his life, uses justice and mercy, he gives htem the oppurutntiny  

• Turns their hearts, makes them confess and feel bad, want his forgivness 

• 3.1 

• Inspiration speech for the nstart of the war, tells peopel to bring a fir eisnide them, this tiger in them  

• 3.3 

• Reaches Harfleur and asks them to surrender or they will cuase mass destruction to the town, they agree becuase duahpin has not provided them the military to defend themselves. Henry says he will take the army to Calais, demosntrating he is a good king, he is wiht the peopel  

• When he hears that bardouplh is going to be hanged he is very cold, and he jsut lays out the laws as they are that you should not steal, we are not pillaging that is not part of it 

• 4.1 

• In diguise with a cape, Henry used epringhams clack, talks to pistol, bates,  and williams 

• He talks with solider if kings are responisble for the mens deaths,  soldiers say intially, yes he broguht us here lot to answer for,  and henry says people are idnividually responsibe for their own actions and then the men agree with him  

• Picks a fight with williams, williams gives him his glove to wear in his hat, and after the battle see the glove and they will fight  

• After he is alone, eh pours out a solioquey, he feels the weight of responibility of all these soliders, praying and purign out heart to god   

• 4.3 

• Saint crispins day speech   

• Simply the feweer peopel have the mor ehonour we have  

Henry V: Chorus 

• Functions as a narrator, 

• Epic voice 

• Prolouge  

• Sets up that france and england will be in war 

• He apologizes that the play cant do the justice of ther battle and encorugaes imagination of the audience to imagien hwo epic the battle is 

2.0 

• Chorus says that the men of england are excited for war  

• The Chorus as a function of the narrator takes favour of england rather than frnace, potraying them as the good gus  

• Says france is scared of England  

• King Henry has promised to share wealth and titles to those who help him win the wat 

• Good kings share the wealth  

• Chorus reveals that their are traitors Richard the Earl of Cambridge, Henry Lord Scrope, and Sir Thomas grey Knight of Northumberand are conspring with france to kill henry

Duke of Exter

• Henrys uncle 

• Entrusted to carry important messages to the French king  

• Leaders of Henrys military 

• 2.4  

• Is sent as a messenger to the France King with a message from Henry to surrender his lands as he is the unrightful ruler based on Henrys linerage to the throne, he is offering him the route of suurending and uses whagt will happen to his citizens if he does not surrender as a tactic to persuade him 

• He also want dauphin to apologize for his “gift” and mockery of Henry but Gauphin refuses  

• Tells henry duke of york died and the earl of suffock 

  • Henry V

Duke of Westmoreland

• Trusted advisors to Henry, leads militarys  

• Cousin to henry  

Henry V

Duke of Salisbury

• Trusted advisors to Henry, leads militarys 

Henry V

Duke of Warwick

• Trusted advisors to Henry, leads militarys 

Henry V

Duke fo Clarence 

henrys younger brother Henry V

Duek fo Glousceter

henrys younger brother

Henry V

Duke of Bedford

Henrys younger brother

Henry V

The Archbishop of Canterbury

• Wealthy and powerful english clergymen. Does not go fight in war, but they help fundraise to invade France 

• 1.1  

• Discusses with Ely his concerns over a bill that will take a lot of the churchs fortune and lands. He suggests if the English fight the French they will not lose their fortune  

• Directing attnetion away from the church, ti out of the country to france, to cause conflict external then internal 

• 1.2  

• Explains to Henry how he has claim to Frnace is because of his grandmother but people in france cant have claim to the throne through women, and therefore his grandmother preceeds them  

• Tells henry to keep ¾ army in england and send the rest to france since henry is worried about invasions  

Henry V

Bishop of Ely

• Wealthy and powerful english clergymen. Does not go fight in war, but they help funndraise to invade france 

• 1.1  

• Disucsses with Canterbury about going to war with france 

• Praises highly of the king as intelligent  

Henry V

Cambridge

• Conspirators against king henry, bribed french agents to kill henry before he sets sail for france 

• 2.0  

• Revealed by chorus that he is working wiht France to kill the king  

• Dramatic irony  

• 2.2 

• Sucks up to the king but is commiting treason behind his abck, cosnpiring to get him killed  

• Begs for emrcy but encourgaed the king not to show mercy to the person earleir  

• Claims that the gold wsnt the reason eh betrayed him but it was a motive but not the motive, he did it to advance his family  

Henry V

Scroope

• Conspirators against king henry, bribed french agents to kill henry before he sets sail for france 

• Scroops betrayal shocking as him and the king were good friends  

• 2.0  

• Revealed by chorus that he is working wiht France to kill the king 

• Dramtic irony  

• 2.2 

• Scrop was Henrys friend based ont he fact thye shared secrets, Henry feels super betrayed by him 

Henry V

Grey

• Conspirators against king henry, bribed french agents to kill henry before he sets sail for france  

• 2.0  

• Revealed by chorus that he is working wiht France to kill the king 

• Creates dramatic irony  

Henry V

Duke of York

• Cousin to Suffolk, they die together at the battle of Agincourt 

• Dies in abttle, exexter tells henry  

Henry V