Renaissance Art and Politics in Florence and Venice

Arte della Lana

Wool merchant's guild overseeing cathedral decorations.

Savonarola

Priest opposing Medici, led to their downfall.

Piero de Medici

Medici leader forced to leave Florence in 1492.

Public Health

Salus publica, concept of community well-being.

David - Hercules Iconography

Symbol of Florence's strength and resilience.

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance artist known for naturalism and chiaroscuro.

12 Leonardo - Battle of Anghiari, comm. Signoria

Unfinished fresco depicting Florence vs Milan.

12 Michelangelo - Battle of Cascina, comm. Signoria

Unfinished fresco depicting Florence vs Pisa.

Leonine Physiognomy

Using physical traits to symbolize moral qualities.

Florentine Marzocco

Symbolic lion representing Florence's strength.

Disengno

Michelangelo's style characterized by clear, defined edges.

12 Mona Lisa, possibly comm. husband of Lisa Garadini

Leonardo's famous portrait, known for its mystery, landscape, and woman as subject

Radical Portraiture

Genre transformation emphasizing women's subjectivity.

Woman as Subject

Focus on women's conscious choices in art.

Sfumato

Blending colors and tones for soft transitions.

Tight-lipped Smile

Archaic expression indicating restraint and mystery.

12 Raphael, Maddalena Strozzi and Agnolo Doni

Marriage portrait, inspired by the Mona Lisa - 3/4, outside, but still rich and public

12 Raphael - Entombment of Christ, comm. Atalanta Baglione for death of son Grifonetto

entombment of Christ with lots of movement, bodies moving on a diagonal

Baroque

Art style emphasizing movement and emotional intensity.

Pope Julius II

Patron of arts, commissioned Raphael and Michelangelo.

12 Sistine Ceiling, comm. Julius II

Michelangelo's fresco cycle depicting Genesis scenes.

12 Michelangelo - Creation of Adam

Famous scene illustrating divine creation moment.

Diagonal composition

Arrangement creating movement and tension in artwork.

Maleigar sarcophagus

Ancient sculpture referenced in Raphael's Entombment.

Sybils

Female prophets depicted in Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling.

St. Bartholomew

Flayed saint depicted by Michelangelo, symbolizing suffering.

Stanza della Signatura

Pope's library room painted by Raphael, 1508-1511.

12 The School of Athens, comm. Julius II

Raphael's fresco depicting ancient philosophers and thinkers for the Stanza della Signoria

13 Michelangelo - Tomb of Julius II

Michelangelo's unfinished tomb for Pope Julius II, 1505

Nike

Personification of victory in the niches of Julius II's tomb.

13 Michelangelo - Moses

Only finished figure in Julius II's tomb, symbolizing law.

Horns of Moses

Mistranslation of Hebrew, meant rays of light.

Bromante

Architect hired by Pope Julius to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica.

Compositional Groupings

Arrangement technique used by Raphael, inspired by Leonardo.

Ars Simia Neura

Art imitates nature, represented by a monkey.

Paragone

Debate on merits of sculpture versus painting.

Votive Offering

Built for Sixtus, honoring della Rovere family.

Psychological Portraiture

Focus on inner character, popularized later.

Baldassare Castiglione

Author of 'The Courtier', friend of Raphael.

Leo X

Medici pope, known for luxury and indulgence.

Martin Luther

Initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517.

Sack of Rome

1527 invasion by HRE Charles V's armies.

Maniera

Art style emphasizing artificiality over naturalism.

13 Michelangelo - Medici Chapel

Commissioned by Leo X, funerary for Medici family.

15 Michelangelo - Guiliano de Medici

Represents active life in Medici Chapel, immortality and time (river gods,) and night and day

14 Rosso Fiorentino, Dead Christ w/ angels, comm. Bishop Tounrabouni

First mannerist painting. Very artificial, possibly as a reaction to older gen, uses tenebrist lighting and sensuality

Dynastic Imagery

Marriage of family legacy and religious devotion.

Mannerist Non-classical Proportions

Figures with exaggerated, elongated limbs and forms.

Protobaroque

Art style preceding Baroque, emphasizing emotion.

Tenebrist Lighting

Dramatic light contrast, enhancing emotional impact.

Baroque

Style characterized by grandeur and dynamic movement.

Council of Trent

Catholic council addressing Protestant Reformation issues.

14 Pontormo, Pieta (Entombment) comm. Ludovico di Geino Capponi for Capponi Chapel

Chapel dedicated to piety, painting doesn't have much subject, artificial

Maniera

Art style marked by artificiality and elongated forms.

Giorgione

Venetian painter known for ambiguous, evocative landscapes.

Poesia

a painting that evokes the classical tradition of the "pastoral," a genre of poetry that celebrated the escapist or therapeutic pleasures of the countryside.

12 La Tempesta, comm. Gabreiele Vendramin (?)

Giorgione's painting, possibly first true landscape.

1509 - League of Cambrai

tries to strip Venice of mainland, Venice goes after Padua

12 Giorgione - Sleeping Venus, comm. Girolamo Marcello (?)

Featuring reclining nude in landscape.

Pastoral Poetry

Evocative poetry depicting idealized rural life.

Rural Idyll

Idealized representation of rural, peaceful life.

Disembodied Hand

Symbolic element in art, often representing divine touch.

La Tempesta - Nursing Mother

Symbol of charity and nurturing in art.

La Tempesta - Carrara Family Coat of Arms

Symbol representing aristocratic family in Padua.

Pontormo

Artist known for emotional, expressive figures.

Venus pudira

Modest representation of Venus covering her body.

12 TITIAN- Pastoral Concert, comm. Unknown

Work symbolizing peace between city and country.

Doge of Venice

Leader of Venice, historically significant in governance.

Carrara Family

Aristocratic family associated with Padua.

Charity

Represented by the nursing mother figure.

Myth of Venice

Narrative emphasizing Venice's unique history and resilience.

Gabriele Vendramin

Commissioned La Tempesta, significant Venetian figure.

St. Francis

Saint depicted in Venetian altarpieces, symbolizing reform.

Emotional Disjunction

Contrasting emotional reactions in visual art.

12 Michaelangelo - David, comm. Arte Della Lana

Established after the Medici leave of 1492, heralds a new era of civic prosperity.

Signoria

Supreme executive council of Florence

Grisaille

a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture

tondo

"Round" - a circular painting or relief

Gonfaloniere

"Standard Bearer." The most prominent member of the Signoria and formal head of the civil administration.

Eclogues

A book of short poems or pastoral dialogues written by Virgil.

Maniera

Italian, "style" or "manner."

14 Titian - Virgin and Child w/ Sts Liberale & Francis, comm. Tuzio Costanza to commemorate death of son Matteo

Sacra Con into poesia. st. Francis inviting the worshipper, St. Liberale in front of a town - town vs. country

13 MICHELANGELO - Dying Slave

represents Julius' attempts to reconquer papal territories

12 Michelangelo - Jonah Sistine Ceiling

Archetype for christ, positioned over the communion altar

12 Michelangelo, The Holy Family (Doni Tondo), comm. Agnolo Doni

Partially inspired by V&C w/ St. Anne, sculpturesque, half moon for the Strozzis