Multi-Store Memory Model - Atkinson and Sniffrin (1968)

Definition of memory

The process that receives, modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli.

Who proposed the model and when?

Atkinson and Sniffrin in 1968

What does the model state?

1. Memory is a series of structures or stores that store information for a specific amount of time

2. Memory is sequential

Sensory Memory Store (SMS)

• Last 1-2 seconds

• Is the initial recording of information from our sensory systems

• Can be iconic (visual) or echoic (auditory)

• Serves as an initial buffer

• George Sperling (1960)

Short Term Memory Store (STMS)

• Is the ability to store information for a brief period of time (~15 seconds)

• George Miller (1956)

• Peterson and Peterson (1959)

Long Term Memory Store (LTMS)

• The store related to memory that is involved with retention over longer periods of time

• Has no finite capacity or duration

Strengths

• Provides a clear and structured depiction of memory storage

• Has empirical evidence from studies to back it up

• Has never been rejected, only modified

Limitations

• Is considered a reductionist model

• Oversimplifies levels of processing and LTMS (WMM + LOP)