Respiratory System Unit Exam

How are Bronchitis and Emphysema similar?

They both result in shortness of breath (dyspnea) and a persistent cough.

How are Bronchitis and Emphysema different in cause?

Bronchitis is inflammation in the bronchi, while Emphysema is destructive changes in the alveoli

What s/s ONLY come with Bronchitis

mucus hypersecretion, edema, cyanosis, and chest pain

What s/s ONLY come with Emphysema

rapid, shallow, and difficult breathing, barrel chest, breathing through pursed lips, prolonged exhalation times.

What is the common term for Emphysema and why?

Pink puffers, by having SOB, Pt's often have to breath harder, making them pink in color and have puffed cheeks.

What is the common term for Bronchitis and why?

Blue Bloaters, the lack of oxygen results in cyanosis, making them blue in color.

What is auscultation?

listening to the sounds produced by the body using a stethoscope

What does wheezing sound like?

A whistling, song like sound that indicates narrow airways

What are two conditions where wheezing would be present?

Chronic Bronchitis and Asthma

What does rales sound like?

crackling/crunchy sound that indicates fluid

What is one condition where rales would be present?

Pneumonia

What causes Tuberculosis?

A disease called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that destroys lung tissue, which leads to a decrease in oxygen.

How is Tuberculosis transmitted

Inhaling infected droplets

How is one screened for Tuberculosis?

A tuberculin skin test which involves a tuberculin protein injection which is checked 48/72 hours after injection.

What are some common asthma triggers?

Allergic reactions, dust,pollen, stress, heavy exercise, pet dander, or strong odors.

What is pneumonia?

Infective inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

How do you identify pneumonia in a CXR?

You look for spots with increased density or "whiteness"

What is a PFT and what device is used to do it

A group of tests that measure volume and flow of air using a spirometer

How is an ETT and a tracheostomy similar?

Both involve using the trachea to facilitate breathing and the Pt must be sedated for both.

How is an ETT and a tracheostomy different?

An ETT is NOT made for long term use and is inserted through the nose or mouth while a Tracheostomy can be either short term or long term and is inserted through an inscision in the trachea

What is a Nebulizer?

An electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it to mist which is inhaled by the PT via face mask or mouth piece

Who typically uses a Nebulizer?

People who lack strength and coordination (elderly, children)

What is sleep apnea?

A potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly sops and starts during sleep for periods log enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

What device is used to facilitate airflow during sleep?

CPAP machine

What is the normal respiration rate for an adult?

12-20 breaths per minute

What is Bradypnea?

abnormally slow breathing

What is Apnea?

absence of breathing

What is Trachypnea?

Abnormally fast breathing

why is a thoracentesis done?

To obtain and remove fluid from the pleural cavity

What is polysomnography?

A sleep study that measures physiological activities during sleep and is often performed to detect nighttime defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

What does polysomnography record?

Brain waves, blood oxygen levels, and heart rate.

What is a ventilator?

A machine that provides artificial respiration for those who cannot breathe on their own.

What is diaphragmatic breathing and what does it help with?

A breathing relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety.

What is an antibiotic?

drug that kills bacteria

What is an antihistamine?

relieves allergy symptoms

What is an antitussive

cough suppressant

What is an antiviral drug?

A medication used to treat viral infections

What does the term ABG's mean?

Arterial blood gases

What does the term "COPD" mean?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

What does the term "CPAP" mean?

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

What does the term "CPR" mean?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

What does the term "CXR" mean?

Chest X-ray

What does the term "ET" mean?

Endotracheal

What does the term "ETT" mean?

Endotracheal intubation

What does the term "PFT" mean?

Pulmonary Function Test

What does the term "URI" mean?

Upper Respiratory Infection

What does the term "TB" mean?

Tuberculosis

Pneum/o, Pulmon/o, Pneumon/o

lung, air

Ox/o Ox/i

Oxygen

Spir/o

Breathing

Thorac/o

Chest

eu-

good, normal

-capnia

carbon dioxide

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-meter

measure

-metry

process of measuring

-osmia

smell

-phonia

voice

-pnea

breathing

-stomy

surgical opening