ch 1: trends and issues

social determinants of health

• Housing and Neighborhood

• Environment

• Economic Stability

• Access to health care and quality of care

• Community and social context, including the impact of racism

what is infant mortality

death before first birthday

five leading causes of infant deaths

1. Congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

2. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight

3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

4. Respiratory Distress in Newborns

5. Newborns affected by maternal complications of pregnancy

Maternal Mortality

• Death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of pregnancy termination

what are two types of maternal mortality

• direct obstetric death

• indirect obstetric death

direct obstetric death

Complications during pregnancy, labor, birth, or the postpartum period; interventions that are completed that cause the death (incorrect treatment)

indirect obstetric death

Caused by pre-existing disease that develops during pregnancy (Ex: complications r/t someone that has systemic lupus that becomes exacerbated due to pregnancy; development of gestational DM or preeclampsia).

other probs in maternal newborn nursing

• teen preg

• tobacco use - causes low birth weight; blood clots and high BP for mother

• substance abuse

• overweight/obese - more risks for comorbidities and risks for infants starting from birth throughout childhood

• violence - screen all women for IPV

• LGBTQ - higher rates of miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth; face discrimination

• racism