Inflammation

What is the inflammatory process?

Natural response of tissue to injury, attack and remove cause of injury, repair tissue damage, should be self limiting

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

What is heat and redness cause by?

Arteriolar dilation and increased blood flow

What is swelling caused by?

Leakage of plasma from blood vessels into tissues via increased permeability of venules

Loss of function is caused by?

Chronic inflammation, causing Tissue remodelling, Tissue destruction, Fibrin deposition

Cellular Components?

Granulocytes → Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Lymphocytes → T, B, NK

Monocytes

What are tissue mast cells?

Contain, synthesise and release inflammatory mediators

Stimuli for tissue mast cells?

Mechanical injury to the skin

Type 1 sensitivity

Chemicals

What 2 things does the endothelium do in inflammation?

Arteriolar dilatation, Endothelial contraction of venules → usually mediated by histamine

What causes the change in endothelium

NO

Chemical mediators info?

Produced by host, low specificity, Effectors in the innate immune system, some act as plasma precursors in the complement system

H1 receptor antagonists?

Chlorphenamine, Astemizole, Loratadine

Which Inflammatory mediators are neutrophil dependent?

C5a, LTB4, IL-8

Which Inflammatory mediators are neutrophil independent?

Histamine, Bradykinin, NKA

What may be more effective to inhibit than inflammatory mediators?

Leukocytes