CCP U.S. History Chapter 3 - Planting Colonies in North America

Objective Test

the Pueblo Revolt

a revolt of the indigenous Indians over the controlling colonial power of Spain; 1680; response to the Franciscan demand that the Indians totally reject their traditional culture

the Spanish conqueror of New Mexico and the Pueblos

Juan de Onate

founded Quebec and laid the basis for French control of the fur trade

Samuel de Champlain

French colonies were economically successful because they

formed alliances with the Algonquian Indians and adapted to their ways

The population of New France grew slowly because

the government restricted Catholics and Huguenots refused to go

New France is best described as…

a commercial society based on a cooperative relationship with the natives

compare New France and New Spain concerning their treatment of the Indians

New France was more accepting of the Indians' ways and beliefs and was willing to integrate their ideas and learn from Indian culture. New Spain was arrogant and eugenic and thought the Indians had little to offer their culture

the heart of New France comprised…

the communities stretching along the St. Lawrence River between towns of Quebec and Montreal

New York City was originally called New Amsterdam because

the Dutch overtook the land from the Indians

The Netherlands was able to establish a colony in the Americas because

1. formed an alliance with the Iroquois to obtain furs
2. developed a prosperous urban society with the first modern investment banks
3. had a strong navy and a number of trading posts around the world
4. had superior products of metal tools and firearms used for profitable trade

Who was responsible for the Dutch claim (of NY)

Henry Hudson

The English established Jamestown without much opposition because…

the Indians sought to use the Europeans to realize their own goals

The English had no qualms about occupying Jamestown and claiming Virginia as theirs because…

they argued that the Indians were mere wild animals and outside the bounds of civilization

The early years of Jamestown were difficult because

1. the colonists’ increasing demands led to war with Powhatan
2. The English did not find gold and suffered from starvation
3. Powhatan came to understand the English were there to take Virginia
4. in the winter of 1609-1610, more than 400 colonists died of starvation

The Virginia Company which founded Jamestown in 1607..

was a joint stock company

Joint stock

a company with many investors to create a great economy of scale and strong centralization

If colonists in Virginia transported workers to Virginia at their own expense…

the company gave them lands called "head right grants”

results of Jamestown adopting tobacco as its chief product included

1. development of a landed elite and poor underclass
2. demand for more land as the society became agricultural
3. it provided the Virginia Company with the first returns on its investment
4. a need for workers which led to more immigration

after the adoption of tobacco, the English colony of Virginia…

attracted more Englishmen and women; they had less reasons to include Indians economically, culturally, and intellectually

The growing tobacco plantation was not…

known by the Indians

Virginia became the Frontier of…

Exclusion

what was the merchantable commodity the Virginia colonists identified

tobacco

The House of Burgesses established in 1619..

had authority over taxes and finances

The colony of Maryland was distinctive because..

Charles I granted it to the Calvert’s who made it a Catholic refuge

the first North American colony in which the King granted complete power to the grantee; a proprietary colony

the colony of Maryland

Maryland being a proprietary colony meant that

Maryland’s political clout was englishmen living in America

Maryland’s economy was based on

indentured servants

Maryland reveals some of the diverse motives for colonization as..

the Calvert’s sought to establish feudal states

Indentured servants

men and women who contracted to work for a mater in the Americas for three to seven years in return for the cost of transportation across the Atlantic; gained their freedom after a set term if they survived

What you needed to be an indentured servant

grit, resolve, and a tolerance for pain; physically, mentally, spiritually tough in their commitment to succeed

what happens after an indentured servant survived their term of three to seven years of service to their lord

they received clothing, tools, a gun or spinning wheel, and were helped getting started on their own

The first colony of England

Virginia

Where was the Virginia colony located

within the Chesapeake Bay Region

Pros/cons of Chesapeake Bay

rich in tobacco but poor with health conditions; community life was weak due to high death rates and crude living conditions; people were infected with malaria

what did English colonists in Virginia also have to overcome

the vast population of Indians; John Smith’s map shows many Indian villages suggesting a dense population

The Puritans were a Protestant group opposing the Catholic church because

the church had obtained great wealth and had misused authoritarian power

Puritans

English Calvinists who wished to reform the Church of England and remove all remains of Catholicism

The Puritan opposition to having a church hierarchy was interpreted in England as..

opposition to the monarchy

The Pilgrims saw the unfair treatment in..

the English Anglican Kings Star Chamber Court

The Star Chamber Court impressed many Puritans because…

it was Puritan

The Puritans first traveled to the Netherlands and then Massachusetts because

they wanted religious freedom

When the Pilgrims arrived in New England they encountered…

friendly Pokanokets and Indians who offered them food and advice

When the Pilgrims arrived in New England they occupied

an abandoned Indian village they renamed Plymouth

The Pilgrims opposed…

absolute power of the government and that all were bound by God’s Law

Mayflower Compact

The document which created “civil body politics'“ and a measure of self-government among the Pilgrims

The Puritan migration to New England was promoted when…

Charles I dismissed Parliament and thereby reduced its members ability to express their views

The colony of Plymouth had a strong…

communal sense but soon spread into local interest

When the Puritans sailed to New England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony..

the movement became known as the Great Migration

Jon WInthrop

the first governor of the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay; advocated building a model society to act as an example for England; referred to the settlement at the “city on a hill”

The Massachusetts Bay Colony began as a….

joint stock company that was gradually transformed as most males gained a voice in the government

The Puritans interacted with the Algonquian people by noting..

that God removed them by disease and scripture justified their destruction

The Puritans were able to establish many new towns in the 1630’s because of

1. illegal treaties and deals with dishonest sachems

2. a small pox epidemic that left many abandoned villages

3. the argument that the Indians were not using the land as God intended

4. demands for Indian payment in land as punishment for violating English law

The Puritan religion became a superstitious spectacle with…

witchcraft trials; the mos tragic was in New England in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts; there was no witchcraft here just selfishness, ignorance

what was vital of the people of New England and necessary and committed to excellence

Education/schools

In 1638 the Puritans gathered enough funding to establish the…

University of Harvard; named after John Harvard: a Puritan teacher and minister

who could receive a formal education and why

Only boys; the Puritans were biased and this was their way of thinking

The principle founder of Rhode Island

Roger Williams

The Puritan leasers exiled Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson from Massachusetts for..

their religious beliefs

Roger Williams disagreed with the Puritans in both matters of..

principle (religious toleration) and practicality (no absolute right to the land)

New Netherland became New York as a result of…

competition and a series of wars between England Holland after 1650