unit 5: box notes 45-59

mass production

the mass production of goods introduced by industrialization in europe

agricultural revolution

Farmers introduced new technology to boost production. Fewer people were needed to work on farms

urbanization

Movement of people from the country to the cities

• large population shift

• Cities crowded and dirty

cottage industries

were destroyed by competition from British manufactured goods.

meiji restoration

1868-1912, where Japan went through a rapid period of modernization and industrialization in order to become stronger.

• Changes took place in Japan’s government, the economy and social life.

• Japan eventually became a modern industrial power who began to build an empire overseas.

spinning jenny

Allowed large quantities of thread to be made quickly

self strengthening

china’s ____ movement was the mixing of Chinese culture with European industrialization – Xixi ends it (1861-1895)

great britain

(1750s) industrialization in europe began in _____.

• Large Colonial Empire: many colonies bring in raw materials

• Transportation and Communication: coastal trade, canals, port towns, postal service, newspapers, most powerful navy

• Agricultural Revolution: Farmers introduced new technology to boost production. Fewer people were needed to work on farms

geographical advantages

• many harbors, rivers.

• Natural Resources-coal

• Island- protected from invasion

• close to European Markets

steam engines

used to power locomotives

locomotives

Unified the economy by linking regions together

commodore matthew perry

led American warships to Japan.

• presents a letter from the United States President asking that Japan open its ports to trade

• Europeans and Americans wanted to use Japan to resupply their ships.

• Japan was impressed by American power and signed a treaty that ended Japan’s isolation

shogun

A rebellion in Japan began that removed the power of the Japanese ______

zaibatsu

wealthy families to whom factories were sold (they became factory owners)

factory owners

• grew very rich

• Lives of workers grew worse

workers

• Dangerous working conditions

• Long hours

• Low pay

tsarist russia

factories and railroads were developed here (was russia’s vision of industrialization)

muhammad ali

developed a cotton textile industry in Egypt

• More money for himself rather than for the Ottomans

suffrage

expanded in Britain (Some governments mitigated the negative effects of industrial capitalism by promoting various types of reforms.)

public education

present in many states and in 1881 was legally required in Britain