C somatic effects and genetic effects

indirect effect leads to what two things within the cell?

radiolysis

free radicals

what’s a common free radical

hydrogen peroxide

free radicals can lead to what

DNA damage

chromosome damage can be what two things

single strand

double strand breaks

single strand breaks can lead to what 4 things

dicentric fragment

a centric fragment

translocation

ring formation

double strand breaks can lead to what 2 things

deletion

inversions

a cells response to radiation is cell death aka

apoptosis

what’s the most radiosensitive cell cycle phase

M

end of G2

the most radioresistant cell cycle phase

S

difference btw regenerate and repair

regenerate: replace the damaged cells with the same cell type

repair: replace the damaged cells with a different cell type

regenerate can lead to what

it can lead to partial or complete reversal of radiation damage

repair occurs only when ? cells are destroyed

parenchymal

repair occurs at dose greater than ?cGy

1000

(T/F)

when damage is so great that regeneration and repair are unattainable, necrosis can occur

T

radiation damage is down quicker in cells with ? mitotic cycles

shorter

carcinogenesis is aka

the formation of cancer cells

what are the most radiosensitive stages of human life

embryo

fetus

(T/F)

if the fetus is exposed to radiation, the effects caused by the radiation are typically present at birth

T

(T/F)

if the sperm or ovum is irradiated, the radiation effects may be shown later in life

T

preimplantation stage: ?-? day of gestation

0-10

what’s the most common effect of irradiation in the preimplantation stage

prenatal stage

major organogenesis: ? day-? week of gestation

• most common effects are what

10

6

• abnormalities or neonatal death

the risks of radiation effects are decreased when the ferris is exposed to radiation (week ? of gestation to birth)

6

early effects occur within ? months of radiation treatment

6 months

late effects occur ? months after the radiation treatments

6

define latent period

time btw when radiation damage occurs and when radiation effects are shown

acute changes occur when there is damage to and a reduction in the ? cells of the organ

parenchymal cells

• inflammation, edema, hemorrhage

chronic changes occur when there is a reduction in ? cells, or ? and ? cells

non-parenchymal

stromal cell

vascular cell

???

• occurs with high doses of radiation that penetrate internal organs

• Exposure occurs within a short time span (within mins)

• Radiation sources include high energy, x-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons

• Occur occurs with total body exposures

Acute radiation syndrome

hematopoietic syndrome occur at what dose

0.7-10 Gy

what’s the main cause of hematopoietic syndrome

destruction of bone marrow that leads to infection and hemorrhage

what’s the most sensitive syndrome

hematopoietic

GI occurs with doses greater than what

10 Gy

main cause of death of GI syndrome

irreparable changes to GI tract and bone marrow that leads to infection, dehydration, and Electrolyte and balance

CNS occur with doses greater than what

50 Gy

what is the main cause of death of CNS?

Increased pressure in cranium from increased fluid, edema, vasculitis, and meningitis

what are the four stages of acute radiation syndromes

prodromal

latent

manifests

recovery or death

what are some symptoms of prodromal stage?

NVD

anorexia

prodromal symptoms occur within what of exposure

Minutes to days of exposure

what happens in the latent stage?

Patient looks good

The latent stage lasts how long

few hrs-few weeks

symptoms are syndrome specific, and last from hours to months

Manifest illness stage

name one hematopoietic symptom

anorexic

fever

malaise

reduced RBC

name one G.I. symptom

malaise

Anorexia

Severe diarrhea

Fever

Dehydration

Electrolyte and balance

name one CNS symptom

Watery diarrhea

Convulsions

coma

recovery can take up to how many years

2

The total dose to gonads that would result in total genetic effect on the population, if received by every member of the population

genetically significant dose GSD