Bio 1500 Exam 2

Memorize the four postulates of natural selection. 

1. Individuals vary in their traits (phenotypes)

2. Offspring will have the same/similar phenotype as parents

3. More offspring are produced then they’re offspring survive to reproduce

4. Those with favorable traits reproduce most and pass their alleles to the next generation

Evolution

change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Population

Group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce

Fitness

Ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Adaptation

Trait that increases fitness of the individual with said trait relative to others without it make these flashcards

Similarities Between Diffusion and Facilitated Transport

Both Facilitated Transport and Diffusion move molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration without expending cellular energy

Differences Between Diffusion and Facilitated Transport

In facilitated transport, polar molecules pass through the non-polar cellular membrane with the help of carrier proteins and selective and gated protein channels. Diffusion does not require extra assistance to transport molecules across the cellular membrane

Identify factors that influence the rate of diffusion and whether those factors increase or decrease the rate

1. The Extent of the Concentration Gradient: The greater the difference high and low concentration, the faster diffusion is going to be

2. Mass of Molecules: The larger the molecule, the slower it moves

3. Higher Temperature increases molecule movement

4. Distance Travelled: The greater the distance, the slower the diffusion rate

5. Surface Area: The larger the surface area, the faster diffusion will take place

6. Plasma Membrane Thickness: The thicker the membrane, the lower the rate of diffusion

Selection on body size

1. sexual selection: competition among males favors large size

2. selection for female fecundity (egg/offspring production number/ birthing time): large size

3. selection for early reproduction: smaller body→ less time to maternal develop: small size

4. limited food availability: small size

5. predation: large size in predator, small size in prey

6. locomotion: flight favors small size

7. temperature: cold favors large size in mammals, small size in ectotherms, e.g. insects

Creating

putting information together in an innovative way, new or original work

Evaluating

making judgements, justifying a stand or decision

Analyzing

breaking the concept into parts and understanding how each part is related to one another

Applying

using the knowledge gained in new ways or new contexts

Understanding

explain ideas or concepts, construct the meaning of something

Remembering

recalling facts and basic concepts make these card

Prokaryotes

• oldest cell type

• small and simple

• lack nucleus

• Lack organelles

• single celled

Eukaryotes

• evolved from procaryote

• larger and more complex

• contain nucleus

• contain organelles

• single celled or multicell