Folder 4-5 Quiz History of Hip Hop etc.

drumming

• dance and body movement

• steady tempo with repetitive nature

Describe the aesthetic of tone, what kind of tone, sounded good to Africans and African-Americans.

• steady basic pulse other rhythmic elements rift off of

What is a 'blue note"?

notes that are found that suggest the style of the blues

• basic scales with different notes than just standard major and minor scales, than European tradition

• tendency in music to lower the 3rd and 7th notes in the major scale gives it a bluesy quality

call and response

• leader playing drums, or singing short phrase

• then repeated by musicians who follow leader

improvisation

making up music on the spot

syncopation

providing contrast to the basic beat

polyrhythm

several rhythms at the same time

multilinear rhythm

several different rhythmic patterns of different lengths that don’t begin or end at the same time, kind of overlaid

Non-European concept of desirable tone

West African aesthetic, less pure tone than preferred in the European tradition (dirtying of notes)

unique tone production - non-European concept aesthetic

• in blues, gospel, singing, and jazz

• style influenced horn players

• heard in European band or orchestra instruments,

  • trumpet, violin, saxophone

  • different tone and phrasing

motor rhythm

regular rhythmic patterns in a steady tempo with focus on groove

• continuous drums and percussion, bass line with a clear rhythmic pattern

“swing” feeling

notes played with a relaxed rhythmic feeling superimposed over a steady driving groove

Which of these traditions gave Jazz its most distinctive characteristics, in other words, made it sound most different from other music in the US?

a. European Art music

b. African American music

c. Native American music

d. Middle Eastern and Greek music

b.

Which of the following was most central to West African music?

a. a capella singing

b. frequent changes of temp

c. drumming

d. brass instruments

c.

The African musical aesthetic favored smooth, pure tone in singing and instrument sounds.

T or F

F

Origins of jazz

• not written down, not even audio recorded

• audio recordings in the 1940s with old musicians in the South

  • Georgia Sea Islands

• interviews from ex-slaves

4 American musical traditions

• African drumming tradition

• African American vocal traditions

• African string instrument tradition

• European Marching Band, Folk, and Dance music

African drumming tradition

• drumming was allowed to flourish, not allowed in many places

• slave owners realized they could communicate with drumming

• square in New Orleans Sundays —> Congo square where they could

praise/religious songs

• Christianized and celebrated their faith this way

work songs/field hollers

• synchronized, sang in groups

• sang with leaders and followers

• during physical labor

• communication between slaves

African string instrument tradition

• rougher sound

• pentatonic scale

  • 5 notes in it

• recreated banjo, fiddle, drums, guitar

European Marching Band, Folk, and Dance music

• military bands

• very popular and played by Black and white musicians alike

• Britain and Ireland had effect on African Americans as well

Which of the following musical traditions/genres could be considered ancestors of Jazz?

a. European Dance music

b. European American marching band music

c. African American singing traditions

d. All of the above

e. Only a. and b.

d.

Which of the following is most characteristic of African American music?

a. very complex harmony

b. pure vocal tone

c. floating, variable tempos

d. steady tempo, focus on groove

d.

European religious music affected African American music.

T or F

T

Which of these two styles, Blues or Ragtime is most exclusively related to African descended traditions?

Blues

What European American musical traditions influenced the Blues?

• British folk ballads and church hymns

What kind of song became a model for the form of Blues songs?

Ballads

Describe the form of the Blues in detail. 

• 3 line form

  • verse, verse, chorus (refrain) 

  • verses words being the same

Country Blues   

• sung by a man with a guitar, gradually replaced the banjo

• known to blacks with low status in the South

• wasn’t written down, became more regular

Who was W.C.Handy, and how did he influence the Blues?

• he was a trumpet (cornet) player, composer, and music publisher

• The family of Methodist preachers saw potential for the commercial success of the blues

• First to publish and commercialize the blues

What part of the US was an especially fertile region for Country Blues?

• The Mississippi Delta is fertile ground for country blues

Name one master of Country Blues. 

• Charley Patton —> Father of the Blues (1881-1929)

• Robert Johnson (1911-1938)

During what year did the first Blues recording happen?

1920

Which kind of Blues was recorded first?

Classic Blues

strophic form

Blues have this form, with each strophe or verse being 12 bars, 3 four-bar phrases

• statement

• repetition of that statement

• consequent “punch line”

Classic Blues

often sung by a woman with a jazz band accompanying

• men eventually sang Classic blues

trumpet, piano, etc.

ragtime

various kinds of pieces featuring syncopated melodies and rhythmically regular accompaniments, often with a kind of an om-pa groove

Which instrument(s) was Ragtime mostly played on?

• guitar and string bands

• bands with marching/brass band instruments like trumpet, clarinet, and trombone, etc

• piano

Peak of ragtime popularity?

1890s available through published scores, piano rolls (kind of like a scroll with holes), and live performances

Is ragtime a kind of jazz? Why or why not?

NO, there was little or no improvisation, and no real swing feel

Who was the most important creator of Ragtime music?

Scott Joplin

Did Scott Joplin only compose rags?

He also wrote opera as well as rags

Which kind(s) of music existing before Blues most influenced it?
a. African American string instrument music
b. Marching band music
c. African American vocal music
d. African American drumming
e. a. and c.
f. b. and d.

e.

Blues and Ragtime both first became known during which of the following time periods?
a. the 1890s
b. the 1860s
c. 1910–1920
d. the 1770s

a.

Ragtime was mostly performed on which of the following instruments?
a. drums
b. trumpet
c. organ
d. piano

d.

The earliest blues was generally performed by which of the following?
a. A woman with a jazz band
b. a solo piano
c. a man singing and playing guitar
d. drum set

c.

Which kind of Blues came into existence first?
a. Classic Blues
b. Country Blues
c. Both at the same time
d. Nobody knows

b. 

Which of the following places had the most Country Blues in its early years?
a. the upper midwest
b. New York City
c. the southeast
d. the Mississippi Delta

d. 

Which of the following performers was a star Classic Blues singer?
a. W.C. Handy
b. Bessie Smith
c. Robert Johnson
d. Scott Joplin

b.

Which one of the following musicians was the most prominent composer and performer of Ragtime?
a. W.C. Handy
b. Bessie Smith
c. Robert Johnson
d. Scott Joplin

d.

Which of the following is the best definition for "Strophic song form"?
a. A piece with AABA song form.
b. A song with alternating verses and choruses.
c. A short segment of music that is performed over and over with different words each time.
d. A long song with nothing repeated in it.

c.

Which two of these musical traditions came together in the creation of Jazz? (choose two answers)
a. European folk, dance, and art music
b. African American music
c. Native American music
d. Middle Eastern and Greek music

a. and b.

About when did jazz come into existence?
a. about 1945
b. about 1880
c. About 1900
d. about 1920

c.

Where did jazz start, what city was its birthplace?
a. New York
b. New Orleans
c. Chicago
d. Los Angeles

b.

Which of the following best explains the historical circumstances of the origins of Jazz?
a. total separation of different ethnic groups
b. forced integration of two different ethnic groups
c. two very similar groups working together
d. American musicians studying in Europe

b.

Which of the following characteristics of Jazz made it most different from music that existed before it?
a. That it was very carefully written down
b. the instruments with which it was played
c. lots of syncopation
d. lots of improvisation

d.

Which kind of band or ensemble that existed before jazz contained most of the instruments played in early Jazz bands?
a. Marching band
b. symphony orchestra
c. country blues
d. ensembles that performed praise songs, spirituals

a. 

Did jazz exist elsewhere before it was heard in the US?
Yes or No?

NO

Which of the following best describes the texture of the earliest jazz?
a. stiff military band sound
b. loose texture, but every note written down in advance
c. very tight, carefully organized texture
d. loose, improvisatory texture

d.

What year was the first jazz recording made?
a. 1885
b. 1900
c. 1917
d. 1932

c.

Who was the first important jazz composer?
a. Scott Joplin
b. Robert Johnson
c. Jelly Roll Morton
d. Louis Armstrong

c.

From which group of people did those who moved in the so-called Great Migration come from?
a. Southern European-Americans
b. Southern African-Americans
c. Northern African Americans
d. Northern European-Americans

b.

About what year did that migration start?
a. 1818
b. 1850
c. 1950
d. 1918

d.

From what area did those who migrated come from primarily?
a. the urban north
b. the urban south
c. the rural south
d. the rural north

c.

To which city did most of the early great jazz musicians from New Orleans first move?
a. Chicago
b. New York
c. Atlanta
d. Minneapolis

a.

Name a city that became especially well known as a center of the Blues.
a. Los Angeles
b. New York
c. Memphis, TN
d. Jackson, MS

c.

Where is Chicago in the US?
a. The upper midwest
b. The South
c. New England
d. The Pacific northwest

a.

What is scat singing?
a. singing songs with dirty words
b. singing songs that say things that aren't true
c. wordless improvisational singing
d. singing in a gravelly voice

c.

Which great New Orleans-born musician did Joe Oliver invite to Chicago to play in his band in the late 1910s?
a. Jelly Roll Morton
b. James P. Johnson
c. Louis Armstrong
d. Jack Teagarden

c.

Which of the following was new in jazz in the 20s in Chicago, compared to the earliest jazz in New Orleans?
a. Walking acoustic bass
b. banjo
c. tuba playing the bass line
d. trombone

a.

How did Jazz bands in Chicago in the 20s sound compared to earlier Jazz bands in New Orleans?
a. New Orleans bands sounded tighter, more pre-arranged
b. Chicago bands sounded tighter, more pre-arranged
c. They sounded exactly the same
d. Chicago jazz was primarily vocal

b.

Which of the following instruments was Louis Armstrong famous for playing?
a. soprano saxophone
b. clarinet
c. trumpet
d. piano

c.

In what other way did Louis Armstrong frequently perform?
a. as a trombonist
b. as a dancer
c. as a singer
d. as a clarinetist

c.

In which neighborhood in New York did Stride Piano develop?
a. The South Bronx
b. Harlem
c. Lower Manhattan
d. Flatbush, Brooklyn

b.

Which of the following best describes Stride Piano?
a. a great leap forward in harmony
b. chords and melody, no bass line
c. strictly chordal
d. alternating bass line and chords in left hand, melodies in the right hand

d.

Who was the stride style's first great pianist, the "father of stride piano"?
a. Scott Joplin
b. Robert Johnson
c. James P. Johnson
d. Louis Armstrong

c.

Which of the following best describes the Boogie Woogie piano style?
a. a relatively simple, bluesy stride-like style with an exaggerated swing feel
b. a harmonically complex piano style with a very stiff feel
c. just like marching band music, but on the piano
d. extremely fast stride piano with occasional bass notes

a.

In what region did Boogie Woogie piano first thrive?
a. The upper midwest of the US
b. the south of the US
c. New England
d. The Pacific northwest

b.

Ragtime and Stride piano sound very different from each other.
T or F?

F