Chapter 9: Resistance, Rebellion, and Revolution (1750–1775)

French and Indian War

Also known as the Seven Year’s War

French and Indian War

French and Indian War (1756–1763)

Stamp Act

Imposed by the British, this act dictated that all legal documents in the colonies had to be issued on officially stamped paper. This act created strong resentment in the colonies and was later repealed.

Townshend Acts

British legislation that forced colonies to pay duties on most goods coming from England. These duties were fiercely resisted and finally repealed in 1770.

Boston Massacre

Conflict between British soldiers and Boston civilians on March 5, 1770. Five colonists were killed and six wounded.

Sons of Liberty

Radical group that organized resistance against British policies in Boston. This was the group that organized the Boston Tea Party.

Committees of Correspondence

Created first in Massachusetts. These groups circulated grievances against the British to towns within their colonies.

Boston Tea Party

In response to British taxes on tea, Boston radicals disguised as Native Americans threw 350 chests of tea into Boston Harbor on December 16, 1773. The important symbolic act of resistance to British economic control of the colonies.

First Continental Congress (1774)

A meeting in Philadelphia at which colonists vowed to resist further efforts to tax them without their consent.

1754

Representatives of colonies meet at Albany Congress to coordinate further Western settlement

1756

Beginning of Seven Years’ War

1763

Signing of Treaty of Paris ending Seven Years’ War

1764

Parliament approves Sugar Act, Currency Act

1765

Stamp Act approved by Parliament;

1766

Stamp Act repealed, but in Declaratory Act.

1767

Passage of the Townshend Acts

1770

Boston Massacre occurs

1773

Boston Tea Party takes place in December in opposition to the Tea Act

1774

Intolerable Acts adopted by Parliament First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia

Robert Dinwiddie

In 1754, Virginia Governor ______ sent a small force to the Ohio Territory to defend British interests and force the French to leave.

Edward Braddock

In 1755, General ______ and a large British Regular force destroyed Fort Duquesne.

Albany Congress

In 1754, the ________ brought together seven northern colonies. **Benjamin Franklin** and others hoped the colonies and British government could cooperate on Native American and French issues.

colonial council

Franklin proposed forming a _______ with a king-appointed president. The British and colonial assemblies rejected Franklin's plan.

William Pitt

He planned to seize French colonies worldwide. He sent fleets and 25,000 Redcoats to North America.

Battle of the Plains

In 1759, the British defeated them at the ________of Abraham and took Quebec.

Montreal

In 1760, ________fell to the British, completing Canada's conquest.

Treaty of Paris

This Treaty of 1763 ended the Britain-France war.

George Grenville

In 1763, King George III supported **__________’s** prime ministership. As prime minister, he knew that debt reduction would be a top priority. He thought the American colonies should pay more for empire maintenance.

Currency Act of 1764

The ________ was Grenville's first move to subjugate the colonies. This act prohibited the colonies from issuing their own paper money.

Sugar Act

Grenville then passed the ______, which lowered molasses duties but tightened colonists' debt collection.

Stamp Act

Grenville overplayed the **_________ of** 1765. Parliament first levied a colonial tax instead of a customs duty on imported goods.

Sons of Liberty

In July 1765, Samuel Adams organized the _________ in Boston.

Patrick Henry

In the Virginia House of Burgesses, ________ denounced George III's tyranny.

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

The Congress' ___________ stated that as Englishmen, colonists could not be taxed by an unrepresentative body.

Quartering Act

This required colonies to house and feed British troops in America, infuriated colonists.

Lord Rockingham

In July 1765, he succeeded Grenville.

Declaratory Act

Parliament's face-saving _______ asserted its right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever," ending this self-congratulatory mood.

William Pitt

In 1766, an ailing _______became prime minister.

Charles Townshend

the Chancellor of the Exchequer, dominated colonial policy.

Townshend Acts of 1767

The __________ imposed new duties on British merchants' lead, paper, glass, and tea.

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

In his___________ (1767), John Dickinson argued that Parliament could regulate empire trade but not tax colonists.

**Samuel Adams**

**He** organized opposition to the Townshend Acts in Massachusetts. In early 1768, he wrote a letter encouraging other colonies to resist Parliament.

**Lord North**

In 1770, **he** became prime minister. He led Parliament in repealing all Townshend duties except tea, which reminded the colonies that the British government could tax them.

**John Hancock**

In 1768, the British seized a smuggling ship belonging to **__________**. American mobs assaulted British officials, so the British stationed two regiments of soldiers in Boston.

Redcoats

They became a symbol of British oppression.

March 5, 1770

On __________, a mob pelted soldiers with snowballs laced with ice and rocks.

Boston Massacre

Samuel Adams demonized the British by promoting the _________.

Committee of Correspondence

In Boston, Samuel Adams formed a _________ to share news and organize protests against the British.

Tea Act of 1773

The _______ was passed by Lord North's government to *aid the East India Company*. This legislation allowed the East India Company to sell its tea to Americans without going through middlemen in England, lowering the price of high-quality British tea.

Mohawk Indians

On December 16, 1773, _______ boarded East India Company ships and threw 350 chests of tea into the harbor.

Boston Tea Party

The ________ defied the British government and drew its wrath.

Intolerable Acts

In early 1774, Parliament passed the _______, also known as the Coercive Acts.

Massachusetts

The Intolerable Acts targeted _________, but Americans in other colonies realized that the British could just as easily impose coercive laws in their colonies.

Quebec Act of 1774

The ________ reminded American colonists of the Intolerable Acts.

The act angered Americans because it expanded Quebec to include the western territories and guaranteed French Catholics freedom of worship.

Philadelphia

On September 5, 1774, they hosted the First Continental Congress.

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

John Adams' _________ united Congress by stating that Parliament could regulate colonial trade but not tax it without representation.

**Suffolk Resolves**

Congress adopted Massachusetts' **__________**. It rejected the British changes to the Massachusetts government, defying the Intolerable Acts. They boycotted British goods.

Intolerable Acts

Before suspending on October 26, 1774, Congress petitioned George III to repeal the __________.

May 10, 1775

The Second Continental Congress was scheduled for ________.

Samuel Adams

The statement “taxation without representation is tyranny” was first proclaimed by _______.