Key Concepts of Enlightenment and Neoclassicism

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23 Terms

1

Descartes

I think therefore I am

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2

Empiricism

All knowledge comes from practical experience and experimentation

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3

Encyclopedie

Edited by Diderot, it was a compilation of all the available knowledge - historical, scientific, technical, religious and moral

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4

Femme Savants

Learned women. Wealthy, ambitious and clever hostesses competed to attract the cleverest and accomplished persons to their salons where artifice reigned supreme and wittiness was a supreme social virtue.

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5

Fete Galante

An amorous festival painting-usually outdoors

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6

French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

Set the standard for the classical style permitted in France. Its aim was the glorification of the monarchy.

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7

Grand Manner Portraiture

Elevated the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance

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8

Grand Tour

A pilgrimage of aristocrats, wealthy and diplomatic persons to tour the important area of Europe to obtain the knowledge and classical culture.

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9

Hotels

Town houses in Paris

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10

Modernity

A concept of historical 'consciousness' in which people reject established ideas and conventions and encourage momentous change. It implies a distinction between past and present.

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11

Natural Man

People living a primitive state without the arts, sciences, society and civilization, which had corrupted them.

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12

Neoclassicism

Was inspired by the classical motifs, subjects, and decorations. Its virtues were morality, idealism patriotism and civic virtue. Its inspiration came from the excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

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13

Newton

An English philosopher and mathematician who discovered the laws of gravity and motion and is responsible for the mechanistic view of the universe.

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14

Nobility

Changed to heroism bestowed by the virtues of courage and resolution, patriotism, and self sacrifice rather than aristocratic birth.

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15

Philosophes

Advanced thinkers in France who shared the conviction that the ills of humanity could be remedied by applying reason and common sense to human problems.

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16

Picturesque

Quaint, charming

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17

Rococo

A style primarily of interior design which appeared in France around 1700. These interiors featured lavish decoration, fine furniture, wall paintings and reliefs. Rococo means shell or pebble.

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18

Rousseau

Said 'Man is by nature good...he is depraved and perverted by society.' 'Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains.'

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19

Salon

Center of 17th century social life. These were dominated by women.

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20

Satire

A work which holds up human vices and follies to ridicule and scorn.

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21

Sentimental

Sweet, sincere, sympathetic, and tender emotions so called 'natural.'

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22

The Age of Reason (Enlightenment)

1750-1850 doctrine which was predicated on a belief that there was a universal order in the universe.

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23

Veduta

Italian for 'scenic view.'

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