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cerrar (e→ie)
to close
comenzar (e→ie)
to start
defender (e→ie)
to defend
despertar(se) (e→ie)
to wake up
entender (e→ie)
to understand
empezar (e→ie)
to start
perder (e→ie)
to lose
pensar (e→ie)
to think
querer (e→ie)
to want
recomendar (e→ie)
to recommend
sentar(se) (e→ie)
to sit
sentir(se) (e→ie)
to feel
preferir (e→ie)
to prefer
nevar (e→ie)
it snows
convertir (e→ie)
to convert
advertir (e→ie)
to advertise / to warn
divertir(se) (e→ie)
to enjoy / have fun
adquirir (e→ie)
to acquire
tener* (e→ie)
to have
venir* (e→ie)
to come
vestir(se) (e→i)
to get dressed
servir (e→i)
to serve
seguir (e→i)
to follow
repetir (e→i)
to repeat
pedir (e→i)
to ask for
competir (e→i)
to compete
decir* (e→i)
to say
reír (e→i)
to laugh
morir (o→ue)
to die
dormir (o→ue)
to sleep
acostar(se) (o→ue)
to lie down
almorzar (o→ue)
to have lunch
poder (o→ue)
to be able to (can)
contar (o→ue)
to count / to tell (a story)
mover (o→ue)
to move
costar (o→ue)
to cost
jugar* (u→ue)
to play
encontrar (o→ue)
to encounter / to find
volver (o→ue)
to return
recordar (o→ue)
to remember
llover (o→ue)
to rain
SER
to be
DOCTOR
permanent or lasting things
Description
Ella es alta. (She is tall.)
Occupation
Soy estudiante. (I am a student.)
Characteristics
Ellos son amables. (They are kind.)
Time/Date
Son las tres. (It's 3:00.)
Origin
Soy de México. (I'm from Mexico.)
Relationship
Él es mi hermano. (He is my brother.)
Conjugation of SER
yo soy, tú eres, él / ella / usted es, nosotros somos, vosotros sois, ellos / ellas / ustedes son
ESTAR
to be
PLACE
temporary or changing things
Position
El libro está en la mesa. (The book is on the table.)
Location
Estoy en casa. (I'm at home.)
Action
Estamos estudiando. (We are studying.)
Condition
Ella está cansada. (She is tired.)
Emotion
Estoy feliz. (I'm happy.)
Conjugation of ESTAR
yo estoy, tú estás, él / ella / usted está, nosotros estamos, vosotros estáis, ellos / ellas / ustedes están
Quick Tip
Ser = Essence (who or what something is), Estar = State (how or where something is)