Unit 5 Part I - AP Psychology

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

a. Storage

b. Recognition

c. Relearning

d. Recall

e. Encoding

d. Recall

In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'

a. iconic memory

b. sensory memory

c. working memory

d. Recall

e. Encoding

c. working memory

Meloni's new friend from another state just gave her his phone number. As she goes to enter the number into her contacts list she finds that she cannot remember all the numbers in their right order. Which of the following is the best explanation for this failure?

a. Being 10 digits long, the number is beyond Miller's "magic number."

b. She was so excited that she could not type the numbers fast enough.

c. She lacks photographic memory

d. Because the number was so short, she did not pay enough attention to it

e. Her iconic memory disrupted her seconding of the number

a. Being 10 digits long, the number is beyond Miller's "magic number."

Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?

a. The side-angle-side geometry theorem

b. The names of the last 10 U.S. presidents

c. What you ate for breakfast this morning

d. The names of your cousins

e. The license plate of your new car

c. What you ate for breakfast this morning

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantics encoding of a list of words?

a. Thinking about how the words relate to your own life

b. Practicing the words for a single extended period

c. Breaking up the practice into several relatively short sessions

d. Noticing where in a sentence the words appear

e. Focusing on the number of vowels and consonants in the words

a. Thinking about how the words relate to your own life

What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

a. Frontal lobes and basal ganglia

b. Amygdala and hippocampus

c. Amygdala and cerebellum

d. Cerebellum and basal ganglia

e. Frontal lobes and hippocampus

d. Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Researchers studying the link among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that

a. emotion blocks memory, and it is generally true that we are unable to recall highly emotional events

b. excitement tends to increase the chance that an event will be remembered, but stress decreases the chance that an event will be remembered.

c. stress tends to increase the chance than an event will be remembered, but excitement decreases the chance that an event will be remembered

d. both stress and emotion make events harder to remember

e. both stress and emotion make events more memorable.

e. both stress and emotion make events more memorable.

Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

a. Barry remembers and especially bright sunrise because he was by the ocean and the sunlight reflected off the water

b. Robert remembers that correlation does not prove a cause-effect relationship because his teacher emphasized this fact over and over again

c. Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military development because the day was very emotional for her

d. Kris has stronger memories of her second grade teacher than she does of her third grade teacher because her second grade teacher has the same as her neighbor

e. Anton remembers a moment from his last homecoming dance because a strobe light seemed to freeze the scene in his imagination

c. Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military development because the day was very emotional for her

John has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat that he sits in during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. If he is properly prepared for each exam, then _ may explain his difference in scores.

a. recall

b. context effects

c. explicit memory

d. the serial position effect

e. flashbulb memory

b. context effects

Which of the following is an example of the serial position effect?

a. Remembering the most important assignment you have to complete for school tomorrow

b. Remembering the skills you learned early in life, such as walking

c. Remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list, but not the items in the middle

d. Remembering the names of co-workers you met at your new job

e. Remembering where you left your cell phone when you cannot find it

c. Remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list, but not the items in the middle

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

1. Halle can remember her new locker combination, but not her old one.
2. William has lost his memory of the 2 weeks before he had surgery to remove a benign brain tumor.
3. Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.
4. Maddie can’t remember the details of when she was mugged downtown 6 months ago.
5. Kalund knows French, Latin, and Spanish and frequently gets them confused on exams.

3. Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad’s teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

1. Storage decay
2. retrograde amnesia
3. proactive interference
4. retroactive interference
5. encoding failure

5. encoding failure

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

1. a slow, steady decrease as time goes on
2. a rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off
3. rate of forgetting does not change as time goes on
4. a slow initial decline followed by a rapid loss after several years
5. rate of forgetting varies according to the emotional state of the learner

2. a rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off

Suzanne gets a new phone number. Each time she ties to give someone the new number, she gives her old one instead. The fact that her old number is causing difficulty in her remembering of the new one is an example of

1. retroactive interference
2. retrograde amnesia
3. priming
4. proactive interference
5. anterograde amnesia

4. proactive interference

Regarding therapist-guided “recovered” memories of sexual abuse in infancy, which statement best represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

1. therapists who use hypnosis are likely to help their patients retrieve repressed memories
2. statistics indicate that childhood sexual abuse rarely occurs; therefore , recovered memories of such abuse must be false
3. memories are only rarely recovered; once you are unable to retrieve a memory you will probably never be able to retrieve it
4. one indicator of whether a recovered memory is true is the patient’s emotional response; only true recovered memories are emotionally upsetting
5. since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 4, memories from the first 4 years of life are not reliable

5. since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 4, memories from the first 4 years of life are not reliable

The mental activity associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing is called.

1. cognition
2. a concept
3. a prototype
4. convergent thinking
5. divergent thinking

1. cognition

Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

1. allowing for incubation
2. divergent thinking
3. developing expertise
4. convergent thinking
5. experiencing other cultures

4. convergent thinking

Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

1. prototyping
2. cognition
3. intrinsic motivation
4. venturesome personality
5. creativity

5. creativity

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. in this case a robin is people’s _ for a bird.

1. prototype
2. concept
3. creative idea
4. convergent grouping
5. cognition

1. prototype

Your teachers asks how many uses you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your

1. convergent thinking
2. intrinsic motivation
3. divergent thinking
4. prototypes
5. concept

3. divergent thinking

A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n)

1. heuristic
2. algorithm
3. insight
4. mental set
5. confirmation bias

2. algorithm

Them believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Them is being affected by

1. confirmation bias
2. intuition
3. mental set
4. the availability heuristic
5. overconfidence

1. confirmation bias

Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a ore desirable way?

1. intuition
2. insight
3. framing
4. overconfidence
5. perseverance

3. framing

After seeing a new story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

1. intuition insight
2. confirmation bias
3. belief perseverance
4. mental set
5. availability heuristic

5. availability heuristic

In the word “prepare,” each “r” can be considered a

1. babble
2. morpheme
3. semantic
4. phoneme
5. thought

4. phoneme

Eighteen-month-old Becca is in the telegraphic speech phase. Which of the following best represents something she might say?

1. “mama”
2. “yogurt please”
3. “Katie fall”
4. “the dog is fuzzy”
5. “I love you mommy”

3. “Katie fall”

the prefix “pre” in “preview” or the suffix “ed” in “adapted” are examples of

1. phonemes
2. morphemes
3. babbling
4. language development
5. grammar

2. morphemes

the idea that language develops because of an inborn language acquisition device was proposed by

1. Wernicke
2. Broca
3. Skinner
4. Chomsky
5. Sternberg

4. Chomsky