Spontaneous reactions and equilibrium

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

spontaneous reaction

Get a hint
Hint

A process that occurs naturally without external energy. Often exothermic with increasing entropy.

Get a hint
Hint

non-spontaneous reaction

Get a hint
Hint

A process that requires continuous external energy to proceed.

Card Sorting

1/20

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

21 Terms

1
New cards

spontaneous reaction

A process that occurs naturally without external energy. Often exothermic with increasing entropy.

2
New cards

non-spontaneous reaction

A process that requires continuous external energy to proceed.

3
New cards

Gibbs Free Energy (DeltaG)

DeltaG = DeltaH - TDeltaS. Determines if a process is spontaneous. If DeltaG < 0, the process is spontaneous.

4
New cards

negative DeltaG

The process is spontaneous.

5
New cards

positive DeltaG

The process is non-spontaneous.

6
New cards

endothermic reaction

Absorbs heat (DeltaH > 0).

7
New cards

exothermic reaction

Releases heat (DeltaH < 0).

8
New cards

entropy (DeltaS)

A measure of disorder. Higher entropy means more disorder.

9
New cards

factors increasing entropy

Phase changes to gas, more product particles than reactants, mixing substances.

10
New cards

enthalpy (DeltaH)

The total heat content of a system. Determines heat flow during reactions.

11
New cards

rate of a chemical reaction

Affected by concentration, temperature, surface area, catalysts, and nature of reactants.

12
New cards

activation energy

The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur.

13
New cards

catalysts

They lower activation energy and speed up the reaction without being used up.

14
New cards

rate law

An expression that relates reaction rate to the concentration of reactants.

15
New cards

general form of a rate law

Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where m and n are reaction orders.

16
New cards

determining rate law experimentally

By measuring how rate changes with varying reactant concentrations.

17
New cards

equilibrium constant (K)

K = [products]^coeff / [reactants]^coeff at equilibrium.

18
New cards

K > 1

Products are favored at equilibrium.

19
New cards

K < 1

Reactants are favored at equilibrium.

20
New cards

Le Châtelier's Principle

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift to counteract the disturbance.

21
New cards

temperature effect on equilibrium

Endothermic: heat is a reactant; Exothermic: heat is a product. Raising temp shifts equilibrium away from heat.