Unit 2 Attachments

Latissimus dorsi

proximal: thoracic and lumbar vertebra, thoracolumbar fascia, ileum, ribs, and scapula distal: humerus

Pectoralis major

proximal: clavicular head-clavicle; sternocostal head- sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique distal: humerus

Pectoralis minor

proximal: ribs 3-5 distal: scapula

Subclavius

proximal: 1st rib and costal cartilage distal: clavicle

serratus anterior

proximal: ribs 1-8 distal: scapula

deltoid

proximal: clavicle and scapula distal: humerus

supraspinatus

proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula distal: humerus

infraspinatus

proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula; humerus

teres minor

proximal: scapula distal: humerus

teres major

proximal: scapula, distal: humerus

subscapularis

proximal: subscapular fossa of scapula distal: humerus

biceps brachii

proximal: short head- coracoid process of scapula; long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula distal: radius

coracobrachialis

proximal: scapula distal: humerus

brachialis

proximal: humerus distal: ulna

triceps brachii

proximal: long head- scapula; lateral head- humerus; medial head- humerus distal: ulna

anconeus

proximal: humerus distal: ulna

pronator teres

proximal: humerus distal: radius

flexor carpi radialis

proximal: humerus distal: 2nd metacarpal

palmaris longus

proximal: humerus distal: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

flexor carpi ulnaris

proximal: humerus and ulna distal: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

flexor digitorum superficialis

proximal: humerus and ulna distal: middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits

flexor digitorum profundus

proximal: ulna and interosseous membrane distal: distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

flexor pollicis longus

proximal: radius and interosseous membrane distal: distal phalanx of thumb

pronator quadratus

proximal: ulna distal: radius

brachioradialis

proximal: humerus distal: radius

extensor carpi radialis longus

proximal: humerus distal: 2nd metacarpal

extensor carpi radialis brevis

proximal: humerus distal: 3rd metacarpal

extensor digitorum

proximal: humerus distal: extensor expansions

extensor digiti minimi

proximal: humerus distal: extensor expansion of 5th digit

extensor carpi ulnaris

proximal: humerus distal: 5th metacarpal

supinator

proximal: humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, distal: radius

extensor indicis

proximal: ulna and interosseus membrane disstal: extensor expansion of 2nd digit

abductor pollicis longus

proximal: ulna, radius, interosseous membrane distal: 1st metacarpal

extensor pollicis longus

proximal: ulna and interosseous membrane distal: distal phalanx of thumb

extensor pollicis brevis

proximal: radius and interosseous membrane distal: proximal phalanx of thumb

abductor pollicis brevis

proximal: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium distal: proximal phalanx of thumb

flexor pollicis brevis

proximal: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium distal: proximal phalanx of thumb

opponens pollicis

proximal: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium distal: 1st metacarpal

adductor pollicis

proximal: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate distal: proximal phalanc of thumb

abductor digiti minimi

proximal: pisiform distal: proximal phalanx of 5th digit

flexor digiti minimi

proximal: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum distal: proximal phalanx of 5th digit

opponens digiti minimi

proximal: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum distal: 5th metacarpal

lumbricals 1 and 2

proximal: tendoms of flexor digitorum profundus distal: lateral sides of extensor expansions

lumbricals 3 and 4

proximal: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus distal: extensor expansions

dorsal interossei (1-4)

proximal: adjacent sides of two metacarpals distal: proximal phalanges, extensor expansions

palmar interossei

proximal: palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals distal: proximal phalanges, extensor expansions

gluteus maximus

proximal: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament distal: most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia, some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity

gluteus medius

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

gluteus minimus

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

tensor fasciae latae

proximal: os coxae proximal: iliotibial tract, which attaches to tibia

piriformis

proximal: sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament distal: femur

obturator internus

proximal: obturator membrane and surrounding bones distal: femur

superior and inferior gemelli

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

quadratus femoris

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

pectineus

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

psoas major

proximal: sides of T12 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs distal: femur

psoas minor

proximal: sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs distal: femur

illiacus

proximal: os coxae, sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments distal: tendon of psoas major and femur

sartorius

proximal: os coxae distal: tibia (as part of pes anserinus)

rectus femoris

proximal: os coxae distal: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibia; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses.

vastus lateralis

proximal: femur distal: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibia; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses.

vastus medialis

proximal: femur distal: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibia; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses.

vastus intermedius

proximal: femur distal: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibia; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses.

adductor longus

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

adductor brevis

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

adductor magnus

proximal: adductor part-os coxae, hamstring part-os coxae distal: adductor part-femur, hamstring part-adductor tubercle of femur

gracilis

proximal: os coxae distal: tibia (as part of pes anserinus)

obturator externus

proximal: os coxae distal: femur

semitendinosus

proximal: os coxae distal: tibia (as part of pes anserinus)

semimembranosus

proximal: os coxae distal: tibia

biceps femoris

proximal: long head- os coxae, short head- femur distal: Fibula. Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee.

tibialis anterior

proximal: tibia and interosseous membrane distal: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

extensor digitorum longus

proximal: tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane distal: middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

extensor hallucis longus

proximal: fibula and interosseous membrane distal: distal phalanx of great toe

fibularis tertius

proximal: fibula and interosseous membrane distal: 5th metatarsal

fibularis longus

proximal: fibula, distal: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

fibularis brevis

proximal: fibula distal: 5th metatarsal

gastrocnemius

proximal: lateral head- femur, medial head-femur, distal: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

soleus

proximal: fibula and tibia distal: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

plantaris

proximal: femur distal: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

popliteus

proximal: femur and lateral meniscus distal: tibia

flexor hallucis longus

proximal: fibula and interosseous membrane distal: distal phalanx of great toe

flexor digitorum longus

proximal: tibia distal: distal phalanges of lateral four digits

tibialis posterior

proximal: calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis distal: phalanx of 1st digit

abductor hallucis

proximal: calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis distal: phalanx of 1st digit

flexor digitorum brevis

proximal: calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis distal: middle phalanges of lateral four digits

abductor digiti minimi

proximal: calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis distal: proximal phalanx of 5th digit

quadratus plantae

proximal: calcaneous distal: tendon of flexor digitorum longus

lumbricals

proximal: tendons of flexor digitorum longus distal: expansion over lateral four digits

flexor hallucis brevis

proximal: cuboid and lateral cuneiforms distal: proximal phalanx of 1st digit

adductor hallucis

proximal: oblique head- metatarsals 2-4, transverse head- plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints distal: tendons of both heads attach to proximal phalanx of 1st digit

flexor digiti minimi brevis

proximal: 5th metatarsal distal: proximal phalanx of 5th digit

plantar interossei (three muscles)

proximal: metatarsals 3-5, distal: phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

proximal: metatarsals 1-5 distal: 1-proximal phalanx of 2nd digit, 2-4th: 2nd-4th digits

extensor digitorum brevisi

proximal: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum distal: long extensor tendons of three intermediate digits

extensor hallucis brevis

proximal: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum distal: proximal phalanx of great toe