Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function (Concepts of Biology)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cell structure and function, as outlined in Chapter 3.

Microscopy

The study of cells through the use of microscopes.

Light Microscopes

Microscopes that use visible light and can magnify objects up to ~400x to 1000x.

Electron Microscopes

Microscopes that use electron beams for higher resolution imaging.

Prokaryotes

Unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles.

Plasma Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.

Ribosomes

Cell structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer found in bacteria, composed of peptidoglycan.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells containing membrane-bound organelles, larger than prokaryotic cells.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages molecules.

Mitochondria

Organelles where cellular respiration and ATP production occur.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify hydrogen peroxide.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that provide structure and facilitate cell movement.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A network secreted by animal cells that provides structural support and signaling.

Plasmodesmata

Cytoplasmic channels between plant cells that facilitate communication.

Tight Junctions

Connections that seal adjacent cells together.

Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions that connect adjacent cells.

Gap Junctions

Channels that allow communication between neighboring cells.