AP Physics 1 Formulas + Units (copy) (copy)

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all the formulas i could think of for the ap physics 1 exam + units

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86 Terms

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kinematic equation #1 (vf=)

vf=vi+at

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kinematic equation #2 (vf²=)

vf²=vi²+2aΔx

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kinematic equation #3 (Δx=)

Δx=vit+1/2at²

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kinematic equation #4 (Δx=)

Δx=1/2(vi+vf)t

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displacement (d)

d=vt

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velocity (v)

v=Δx/t

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acceleration (a)

a=v/t

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Net Force (ΣF, newton’s second law)

ΣF=ma

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static friction (fs)

f≤μFn

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kinetic friction (fk)

f=μFn

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Universal law of gravitation (Fg=)

Fg=G(m1m2/r²)

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surface gravity of a planet (not earth)

g=GM/R²

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θ(rad)

arclength/rad

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convert to Δθ

Δx/r

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convert to ω

v/r

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convert to α

a/r

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angular velocity (ω)

ω=2π/T

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tangential velocity (vT)

2πr/T

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centripetal acceleration (ac)

ac=v²/r

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tangential acceleration

at=rα

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total acceleration

atot=√ac²+at²

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circular net force

ΣF=mv²/r

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gravitational force between two objects

F=GMm/r²

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orbital velocity

v=√GM/r

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spring force equation (Fs)

Fs=-kx

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kinetic energy

KE=1/2mv²

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gravitational potential energy

Ug=mgh

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Net Work (Wnet)

Wnet=ΔK=1/2mvf²-1/2mvi²

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spring potential energy (Usp)

Usp=1/2kx²

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power

P=W/t

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work (W)

W=F∥Δx

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avg speed

avg d/avg t

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average velocity

Δx/Δt

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instantaneous velocity

Δx/Δt (where t gets infinitely small)

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weight (Fg)


Fg=mg

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instantaneous angular speed

ω=Δθ/Δt (where t gets infinitely small)

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average angular speed

ω=Δθ/Δt

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Kepler’s Law

T²=(4π²/GM)r³ » T²∝r³

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find net force using momentum

ΣF=Δp/Δt

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impulse/change in momentum (impulse-momentum theorum)

Δp=ΣFΔt

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law of conservation of momentum

mAvAi+mBvBi=mAvAf+mBvBf

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recoil collision (begin together, move apart)

mAvAf=-mBvBf

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perfectly inelastic collision (begin apart, stick together)

mAvAi+mBvBi=(mA+mB)vf

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elastic collision (objects collide but dont lose KE)

vAi+vAf=vBi+vBf

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center of mass distance

xcom=m1x1+m2x2/m1+m2

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velocity of center of mass

vcom=m1v1+m2v2/m1+m2

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acceleration of a harmonic oscilator (spring)

a=-(k/m)x

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angular frequency (rate of change of angular displacement)

ω=2πf

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period of an oscillating spring

T=2π√m/k

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period of an oscillating pendulum

T=2π√L/g

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max displacement of an oscillating spring (xmax)

xmax=±A

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max velocity of an oscillating spring (vmax)

vmax=±A√k/m

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max acceleration of an oscillating spring (amax)

amax=±A(k/m)

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acceleration of a harmonic oscillator (pendulum)

a=(g/L)x

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torque formula

τ=F⊥r

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moment of inertia

I=Σmr²

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Newton’s second law of rotation

τ=Iα

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angluar momentum (L)

L=Iω

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rotational kinetic energy

KR=1/2(Iω²)

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angular impluse-momentum

Στ⋅t=ΔL=Iωf-Iωi

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conservation of energy while rolling

Ug=KT+KR

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Unit of Force

Newton (N=kg⋅m/s²)

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Unit of Frequency

Hertz (Hz)

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Unit of Distance

Meter (m)

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Unit of Time

Second (s)

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Unit of Velocity

m/s

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Unit of Acceleration

m/s²

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Unit for Coefficient of Friction (μ)

No Units

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Unit for Angular Displacement

Rad

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Units for Angular Velocity

rad/s

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Units for Angular Acceleration

rad/s²

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velocity of an object in uniform circular motion (v)

v=2πr/T

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total acceleration of a rotating object (non-UCM)

atot=√ac²+at²

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maximum velocity at which you can go around a circle

v≤√rgμ

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velocity of an object on a simple circular pendulum

v=√rgtanθ

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Unit of Energy

Joules (J=(kg⋅m²)/s²)

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Unit of Power

Watt (W=(kg⋅m²)/s³)

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Unit of Momentum

kg⋅m/s

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Unit for a spring constant (k)

N/m

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frequency formula

f=1/T

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angular velocity of an object oscillating on a pendulum

ω=√g/L

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Unit for Torque

N⋅m

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Newton’s second law (torque)

τ = mr2α

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Unit for Angular Momentum (L)

kg⋅m²/s

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velocity of an object that starts at rest and ends at zero level (conservation of energy)

v=√2gh

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acceleration in an atwood’s machine

a=(m1-m2)⋅g/m1+m2