Imperialism Quiz

What is Imperialism?

The conquering of foreign territories by powerful countries for natural resources and markets.

What are the forms of Imperialism?

* **Colony** - Ruled directly by a foreign power.
* **Protectorate** - Controlled by a foreign power.
* **Sphere of influence** - Foreign power gets exclusive rights.

What was Africa like Before Imperialism?

* Over 1000 languages and groups
* Before Imperialism, mainly only missionaries (**religious conversion groups seeking to spread religion**) explored the interior of Africa.

The Belgian Congo

* **King Leopold** of Belgium hires explorer **Henry Stanley** to explore and claim the Congo.
* Treaties made with local chiefs along the Congo River.
* Companies **brutally exploited Africans** to collect **rubber**.
* Other countries take note of **Africa’s natural resources**.

The Scramble for Africa

* Berlin Conference called due to **Europeans fearing war over claims**.
* **14 European nations meet in 1884** for the **Berlin conference** (**Berlin, Germany**). Called by a German Chancellor.
* Africa was divided **without any regard for the natives there.**
* Events contributed to **WWI**.

The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling (British)

Poem discussed the thought of how Europeans and Americans believed it was their responsibility to:

* **Spread Christianity.**
* **Civilize and educate other nations.**
* **End the slave trade.**

Conflict in Africa

* **Shaka** led the Zulus against the **British rule in early 1800s**.
* **The Boer wars** were fought between **Dutch settlers and the British in South Africa** (1890s).
* **Emperor Menelik II** successfully **defended Ethiopia** against invasion (1896).

Imperialism in Asia

* The Dutch East India Company controlled trade in **Southeast Asia.**
* China (importer of sliver to the Spanish) fought the **opium wars** against England in mid-1800s over the **British opium trade**. Also, China refused to trade with Britain.
* Weakened the Quing dynasty and forced China to trade with the world.
* Japan (**fastest country to industrialize**) forced open by the U.S. in 1853 after **centuries of Isolation**.
* Previously, Japan was ruled by **powerful shoguns** who wished to keep **foreign influences out of their country**.

U.S. Imperialism

* The United States is **late to claims due to the civil war**.
* Fights Spain for **control of the Philippines**.
* **Annexes Hawaii** in 1898 despite resistance from **Queen Liliuokalani (A.K.A Queen Lili)**.

Imperialism in India

* British East India Company **dominated trade**.
* Uses “**sepoys**” or Indian soldiers.
* India becomes the “**Jewel in the crown**” for Great Britain because of the wealth it brings.

Results of Imperialism

* **Nationalism grows** in conquered regions.
* **Rivalries develop** that create tension among Europeans.
* Britian becomes **extremely powerful**.
* It was also difficult for the countries that were imperialized to recover from the effects.

How many years are there between the Berlin Conference and the outbreak of WWI/the Great War?

*30 years*

What were the 4 long terms causes for the Great War?

* **Militarism**
* **Alliances**
* **Imperialism**
* **Nationalism**

What are some examples of resources countries were trying to obtain by Imperializing?

* **Ivory**
* **Rubber**
* **Copper**
* **Gold**
* **Wood**
* **Palm Oil**
* **Diamonds**

What was the main reason why countries wanted to imperialize?

Due to them seeking natural resources for the Industrial Revolution.

Where were African slaves sent to after the end of the slave trade?

The country Liberia

What were some of the advantages that the European nations had over Africa?

\
* Strong economies
* **Superior technology** (**such as guns/Maxim machine gun**)
* Much better medical knowledge and better medicines to protect against yellow fever (**called** **Quinine which was used to protect against malaria and other diseases**).
* They used s**teamboats to enter the interior of Africa**, before this they were not able to.

How did European countries rule nations?

* In most cases Europeans ruled their colonies with the help of, and sometimes completely through, **intermediaries and collaborators**.
* They would rule “**through and by the natives.**”
* Protectorate - A system in which local rulers were left in place **but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity**. A **protectorate cost less to run than a colony did, and usually did not require a large commitment of military forces**.

European countries were especially interested in establishing sphere of influence in which country?

China

What caused Japan to industrialize and end centuries of isolation?

Japan, after seeing the U.S navy and how powerful it was, **was scared by how advanced other countries technology were**. As a result, t**hey industrialized very quickly becoming the fastest country to ever industrialize**.

Why was the U.S. interested in claiming Hawaii?

In order to reach other places around the world without **stopping for fuel in unclaimed areas**. It was **necessary for the U.S. to claim Hawaii**.