Digestive System

Explain what the alimentary canal is

Explain what the alimentary canal is

A tube that forms the digestive system in animals.

It can be tracked evolutionarily

Mouth to the anus

What are the 8 primary organs of the alimentary canal?

1. Mouth

2. pharynx

3. esophagus

4. stomach

5. Sm. intestine

6. Lg. intestine

7. rectum

8. anus

What are the 7 accessory organs of the alimentary canal?

1. Tongue

2. Teeth/gingis (gums)

3. Liver

4. Pancreas

5. Gallbladder

6. appendix

7. Salivary glands (parotid, subinguinal, and submandibular (submaxillary)

What are the FOUR TUNICS of the digestive system?

(inner to outer)

Mucosa, submucosa, mucularis externa, serosa

What are the 3 main purposes of the digestive system

• Break down food you eat into nutrients for metabolic processes

• Rids the body of materials that cannot be used

• Essential for providing the body with the energy and building blocks it requires to maintain life.

What are the 5 steps of the digestive process?

1. Ingestion

2. propultion

3. digestion

4. absorption

5. Defecation (excretion)

Where does most of the absorption of nutrients occur during digestion?

Small Intestine

Where does the absorption of water occur during digestion?

Large Intestine

What are the 8 parts of the large intestine?

1. appendix

2. cecum

3. Ascending colon

4. Transverse colon

5. Descending colon

6. Sigmoid colon

7. rectum

8. anus

Which organ of the digestive system has extra muscle layers in addition to the muscularis externa of the 4 tunics

Stomach: Longitudinal, circular, oblique

Food as it is chewed and then swallowed is called a ____________ and then once it is churned and further digested in the stomach it is called _______ (a milky white substance that moves in small amounts to from the stomach to the small intestine)

Bolus, Chyme

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

1. duodenum

2. jejunum

   1. ileum

Which section of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juices?

Duodenum

What  3 jobs of the liver in the body

• Production of bile

• Production of proteins

• Storage of glycogen

Where does digestion begin?

Mouth

What is the small muscular structure that hangs from the soft palate and can be seen when you look in someone’s mouth?

Uvula

A bolus is made of:

Chewed food and saliva

What would happen to the food you swallowed if your esophagus did not perform peristalsis?

The food would be stuck in your esophagus

A person vomits, what is in the chyme that often causes burning?

Hydrochloric Acid

During digestion, food leaves the stomach and enters the:

Duodenum

What part of the large intestine does NOT serve as a passageway for fecal waste?

Appendix

The liver secretes bile that aids in the digestion of:

Fats

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that empty into the:

Duodenum

A Person experiences tremendous chest and stomach pain after eating fried chicken with french fries. The most likely explanation for the pain is that they are having

A gallbladder attack

Which of the following disorders of the digestive system is the MOST life threatening?

Cirrhosis

A person experiences lower right quadrant pain, vomiting, and temperature. The most likely explanation is

Appendicitis

Because laxative use can be habit forming, what is the BEST way to treat constipation?

High fiber diet, increased fluid intake, and exercise

All of the following processes occur in digestion EXCEPT:

A. Deglutination

B. Maceration

C. Excretion

D. Mastication

B. Maceration

The H. pylori bacterium burrows into the stomach membranes and can cause a/an:

Ulcer

It is recommended that health care workers receive a vaccine to prevent:

Hepatitis B

Which of the following disorders can you actually see?

A. Cirrhosis

B. Hepatitis

C. Inguinal hernia

D. Ulcerative colitis

C. Inguinal hernia

Digestion of fats (lipids) begins in the _________________ and is completed in the_____________.

duodenum, duodenum

What disorder could be found during a colonoscopy?

Cancer