Psychology Memory - KO Full

Coding

What is the formant in which information is stored in the various memory stores?

Capacity

What is the amount of information that can be held in the memory store?

Duration

What is the length of time information can be held in the memory

Short Term Memory

Name the limited capacity memory store. Coding is mainly acoustic, capacity 5-9 items and duration 18-30 seconds

Long Term Memory

Name the permanent memory store. Coding is mainly semantic, unlimited capacity and memories for up to a lifetime

Baddeley (1966)

Who conducted research on coding?

Jacobs (1887)

Who conducted research on capacity to measure digit span?

Miller (1956)

Who conducted research on the span of memory and chunking?

Margaret and Lloyd Paterson (1959)

Who conducted research on the duration of the STM?

Bahrick (1975)

Who conducted research on the duration of the LTM?ss

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Who created the multi-store model?

Multi-store model

What is a representation of how memory works in terms of three stores. Describes how information is moved from one store to another and how it is remembered and forgotten.

Sensory register

What is the memory store of our five senses?

Prolonged rehearsal

How does information move from the STM to the LTM?

Retrieval

How does information move from the LTM to the STM

Episodic memory

What is a long-term memory store for personal events

Semantic memory

What is the long-term memory store for our knowledge of the world

Working Memory Model

Name the representation of the short-term memory which suggests that the STM is a dynamic processor of different types of information using subunits controlled by a central decision-making system

Central Executive

Identify the component of the WMM that co-ordinates the activities of the three sub systems in memory. It also allocates processing resources to those activities.

Phonological Loop

Identify the component of the WMM that processes information in terms of sound, including written and spoken information. It is sub divided into the phonological store and the articulatory process.

Visuo-spatial Sketchpad

Identify the component of the WMM that processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called the inner eye

Episodic buffer

Identify the component of the WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands.

Interference

What happens when one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten?

Proactive Interference (PI)

What happens when older memories, already stored, disrupt the recall of newer memories. The degree of forgetting is greater when the memories are similar?

Retroactive Interference (RI)

What happens when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored. The degree of forgetting is greater when the memories are similar?

Retrieval Failure

Name the form of forgetting which occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access memory. memory is available but not accessible unless a cue is provided

Cues

Name the 'trigger' of information that allows us to access a memory

Eyewitness testimony (EWT)

Identify the ability of people to remember the details of events. accuracy can be affected by factors such as: misleading information, leading questions and anxiety

Misleading information

What is incorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event?

Leading question

Name the type of question that when phrased suggests a certain answer.

Post-event discussion (PED)

What can occur when there is more than one witness to an event?

Anxiety

Name the state of emotional and physical arousal

Cognitive Interview (CI)

Name the method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate accounts. Using four main techniques

Report everything

Identify the cognitive interview technique where witnesses are encouraged to include every single detail of the event.

Reinstate the context

Identify the cognitive interview technique where the witnesses should return to the original crime scene and imagine the environment.

Reverse the order

Identify the cognitive interview technique where events should be recalled in a different chronological order to the original sequence.

Change Perspective

Identify the cognitive interview technique where witnesses should recall the incident from other people's perspectives.

Fisher 1987

Who developed the enhanced cognitive interview?

Procedural memory

What is the long-term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things?