Administrative Management and Early Behaviorism

Administrative Management - Henri Fayol

• administrative management: concerned with managing the total organization
• henri fayol (1841-1925):
  • french engineer and industrialist
  • first to identify the major functions of management
  • planning
  • organizing
  • leading
  • controlling
  • coordinating

Administrative Management - Max Weber

• Max Weber (1864-1920):

  • german sociologist and philosopher

• believed that a bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic:

  1. a well-defined hierarchy of authority
  2. formal rules and procedures
  3. a clear division of labor (complex jobs = specialists)
  4. impersonality (no connection to a particular person)
  5. careers based on merit, not social status

Early Behaviorism - Hugo Munsterberg

• Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916):

  • known as the Father of Industrial Psychology
  • study of human behavior in workplaces

• how to study them:

  1. study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs
  2. identify the psychologist conditions under which employees do their best work
  3. devise management strategies to influence employees to follow managements interests

Early Behaviorism - Mary Parker Follett

• Mary Parker Follett (1863-1933):

  • a social worker and philosopher
  • made important contributions to the fields of civics and sociology
  • work anticipated today’s concepts of “self-managed teams” and “worker empowerment”

• beliefs:

  1. organizations should be operated as communities
  2. conflicts should be resolved by managers and workers talking over differences and finding solutions that would satisfy both parties
  3. the work process should be controlled by workers with relevant knowledge; managers are facilitators