BIOL 1262 - Structural Diversity in Bacteria

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to structural diversity in bacteria from the lecture notes.

Lipoprotein

A molecular complex consisting of proteins and lipids, commonly found in bacterial membranes.

Peptidoglycan

A polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria, important for cell wall structure.

Lipopolysaccharide

A large molecule composed of a lipid and a polysaccharide, found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and can elicit strong immune responses.

Porin

A type of protein that forms pores in the outer membrane of bacteria, allowing the passage of small molecules.

Outer Membrane

A membrane that surrounds the plasma membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, acting as a barrier to certain substances.

Periplasmic Space

The space between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, containing enzymes and proteins.

Cytoplasmic Membrane

The inner membrane of bacteria, involved in transport and maintaining the cell's environment.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of organisms, including cell arrangement and shape.

Ultrastructure

Detailed structure of a biological specimen, usually at the microscopic level, encompassing organelles and cell wall structures.

Capsule

A relatively compact and organized layer of polysaccharides around some bacteria that helps with protection and adherence.

Slime Layer

A diffuse and unorganized layer of polysaccharides that aids bacterial adhesion and prevents desiccation.

Fimbriae

Short, thin, hair-like appendages on bacteria that help in adherence to surfaces.

Flagella

Thread-like structures involved in bacterial motility, enabling movement via a rotary action.

Nucleoid

An irregularly shaped region within a prokaryotic cell that contains the genetic material (DNA), but is not membrane-bound.

Endospores

Dormant, resistant structures formed by some bacteria, which can withstand extreme environmental conditions.

Mesosome

An invagination of the plasma membrane in bacteria, possibly involved in cell division and chromosome replication.

Bacterial Conjugation

A process of genetic exchange between bacteria, often facilitated by sex pili.