Unit 8 - Blood & Immune System

Plasma

Plasma

90% water;
Contains nutrients such as electrolytes, respiratory gases, hormones, and other substances;
proteins help regulate osmotic pressure, clotting, and within the body's protection.

Platelets

fragments of larger cells called Megakaryocytes;
important in blood clotting

Blood Transfusions

can be deadly with incompatible blood

universal recipient

AB+

universal donor

O-

Erythrocytes

RBC, anucleate, contains Hemoglobin

Agranulocyte

Type of Leukocyte, lacks granules

Granulocyte

Type of Leukocyte, contains granules

Neutrophil

Type of Leukocyte,
acts against bacteria & burn injuries;
self-destructs after eating pathogens

Basophil

Type of Leukocyte, active with allergies

Eosinophils

Type of Leukocytes,
defends against parasitic infections,
associated with autoimmune diseases

Lymphocyte

Type of Leukocyte,
produces antibodies,
part of immune response

Monocyte

Type of Leukocyte,
acts against viral, fungal and chronic infections

Thrombus

A clot in an unbroken blood vessel

Embolus

Clot the breaks away and floats freely in the bloodstream

Leukocytes

base of immune system;
originate from bone marrow;
travel via bloodstream

Antibodies

created by B cells and T cells

Autoimmune disease

body attacking its own immune system

Coagulation

Blood Clotting

Lifespan of Erythrocytes

100-120 days

3 Phases of Hemostasis

Vascular Spasms, Platelet plug, Coagulation

Thrombocytopenia

platelet deficiency

Hemophilia

hereditary bleeding disorder

Lymph

fluid lost in transfer between arteries & veins

Lymph nodes

checkpoints that monitor & cleanse lymph

Tonsils

remove pathogens before GI Tract & Lungs

Spleen

filters blood & destroys worn out blood cells

Immunity

specific resistance to disease

Innate Defense System

non-specific

Adaptive/Acquired Defense System

specific

External defense system

skin & mucous membranes

Internal defense system

inflammatory response of histamines,
heat,
swelling,
fever

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

Phagocytes

chase & eat intruders

Natural killer cell

patrol looking for abnormal cells then induce apoptosis

B lymphocytes

recognize, bind to antigen, & clone army of similar cells

Effector cells

fight active invaders

Memory cells

preserve genetic code of specific antibody to provide better second immune response

T lymphocytes

regulate immune response by differentiating into helpers, killers, etc...

Helper T cells

activate other cells to kill off infected cells

Vaccines

older = weakened/dead pathogen injected;
new = "blueprint" of proteins

AIDS

cripples immune system by interfering with helper T cells

Hodgkin's Disease

cancer of B cells,
depresses lymph node cells

Multiple Sclerosis

white matter of brain and spinal cord are destroyed

Diabetes

destroys pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin

Rheumatoid Arthritis

destroys joints

Psoriasis

immune system stimulates skin cells to reproduce rapidly

neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte