Accuracy
How close a measurement is to its true value
Precision
How close measurements of the same item are to each other
Random Error
Unpredictable variations that arise when repeat measurements are taken close to each other.
Systematic Error
Consistent, predictable errors that affect the accuracy of measurements by pushing results consistently in one direction, either above or below the true value.
Fundamental Unit
Basic units of measurement that serve as the foundation for all other units.
Derived Unit
Units that are built from fundamental units.