ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION (Russia, China, Young-Turk)

Young Turk: Incubation Stage

• Decline of Ottoman Empire due to corruption

• Sultans refused reform and were disliked

• New political group's efforts sparked Young Turk Revolution

• Students call for democracy

Young Turk: Symptomatic Stage

• Young Turk revolt called for Sultan to reinstate the constitution

• CUP forms

• People push for modernization

Young Turk: Crisis Stage

• More unrest and reformers among people

• Struggle for power

Young Turk: Convalescent Stage

• Tyrant Mustafa Kemal, CUP leader, rules.

• The Ottoman Empire is almost completely broken

• Sultan overthrown/Constitution reinstated

• Aggressive nationalism spreads across the nation for the new Republic of Turkey

China: Incubation Stage

• China's economy collapses as other nations dominate trade and resources

• People argue over modernization and traditionalism

• Sun Yat-sen, leader of the nationalist party, plans to overthrow the Qing Dynasty

China: Symptomatic Stage

• Sun Yat-sen becomes leader

• People protest Sun Yat-sen's government and want to embrace Lenin's model of communism

• Nationalists and Communists turn on each other

China: Crisis Stage

• Formation of CCP

• Civil war breaks out in China (communists vs nationalists)

• The Long March led by Communist Leader Mao Zedong

• Grew his popularity/influence

China: Convalescent Stage

• End of China's civil war with Communists in control

• Mao centralized power with strict communist policies

• Rejected any Western influence

Russia: Incubation Stage

• Weak Economy from WWI debts

• Ineffective ruler Nicholas II who failed to reform

• Discontent among peasants and workers led to people speaking out against the government

Russia: Symptomatic Stage

• More riots and protests occurred. Many protested harsh working conditions and wanted change

• February Revolution resulted in Nicholas II stepping down

• Rise of the Soviets' Provisional Government

Russia: Crisis Stage

• Lenin led the Bolsheviks into control, establishing Soviet Russia

• Russian Civil War between the Red and White armies

• Red Terror repressed opposition and pushed communist ideals

Russia: Convalescent Stage

• Bolsheviks (Red Army) won the civil war

• USSR is created

• Slow recovery/economic stability through NEP

• Joseph Stalin (Tyrant) takes control

• Aggressive Nationalism throughout Russia

• 5-year plan to industrialize