Plants nutrition

What are the main functions of xylem in flowering plants?

Xylem transports water and mineral salts from the roots to the stems and leaves.

What is the role of phloem in flowering plants?

Phloem transports food (mainly sucrose) produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant structures, mainly through stomata.

How does chlorophyll contribute to photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy for the formation of carbohydrates.

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis in words?

Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen.

What significant role do stomata play in leaves?

Stomata allow for gaseous exchange by enabling carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the leaf.

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until it is limited by other factors.

How are root hair cells adapted for water and ion uptake?

Root hair cells have a long protrusion to increase surface area and many mitochondria for energy to absorb ions actively.

What happens during wilting in plants?

Wilting occurs when the rate of transpiration exceeds the rate of water absorption by the roots, causing loss of turgidity.

What is translocation?

Translocation is the transport of food (mainly sucrose and amino acids) in the phloem tissue.

What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

Air movement, temperature, humidity, and light intensity all affect the rate of transpiration in plants.

What is the significance of the mesophyll cells in leaves?

Mesophyll cells are involved in photosynthesis and gas exchange due to their chloroplasts and intercellular air spaces.

What causes the movement of water from the root to the leaves in plants?

Water is moved by root pressure, capillary action, and mainly by transpiration pull.

Why are most forms of life dependent on photosynthesis?

Most life forms depend on photosynthesis as it produces glucose, which is a primary source of energy and organic matter.

What is the primary function of companion cells in the phloem?

Companion cells support the metabolic functions of sieve tube elements in the phloem.

The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is _______.

Chlorophyll.

Plants primarily absorb light in the _______ spectrum for photosynthesis.

Blue and red.

The main organ of photosynthesis in plants is the _______.

Leaf.

The process of converting sunlight into chemical energy is called _______.

Photosynthesis.

Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a byproduct of splitting _______ molecules.

Water.

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the _______ of plants.

Chloroplasts.

The process of water moving through a plant and evaporating from its leaves is called _______.

Transpiration.

The simple sugar produced during photosynthesis is _______.

Glucose.

______ is the gas taken in by plants during photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide.

Plants release _______ into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

Oxygen.