Genetics Science Grade 7

This is a quick guide for genetics. Not going into much detail. A light lookover.

What do all living organisms have?

They all have characteristics that are inherited from their parents or parent.

What is Genetics?

The scientific study of biological inhertance.

Who started the study of modern Genetics?

Gregor Mendel in the 1850s.

Who is Gregor Mendel?

He was a Augustinian monk who studied inheritance in pea plants, which produce hundreds of offspring.

What is Heredity?

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

What is the study of Genetics?

How traits are passed from parents to offspring.

What is a dominant trait?

A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor.

What is a recessive trait?

A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor.

What did Gregor Mendel Study?

Ordinary pea plants and traits passed through genetics.

What do Mendelian Genetics enable us to predict?

What is possible when 2 organisms create offspring.

What can the principles of probability be used for?

They can be used to predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.

What is the Punnett Square used for?

It is used to model the different possible genetic outcomes (offspring) of the pea plants.

What is the Punnett Square model used to predict?

It is a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

What are Alleles?

They are different forms of a gene; some are dominant and others recessive.

What are genes?

They are chemical factors that determine traits. Genes code for proteins and proteins determine traits.

What are Traits?

They are specific characteristics.

What are Hybrids?

The offspring of crosses of parents with different traits.

What is Mendel’s 1st conclusion?

An individuals characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next.

What is Mendel’s 2nd conclusion?

An organism with at least one dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will exhibit that form. This is also known as the Principle of Dominance!!

What is Genotype?

It is a genetic makeup such as TT or Tt.

What is Phenotype?

It is physical makeup such as tall or short.

What is Homozygous?

It is two identical alleles for a specific gene TT or Tt.

What is Heterozygous?

It is two different alleles for the same gene TT.