Chapter 16_ Thermal Energy and Heat
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Last updated 1:14 PM on 2/25/25
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17 Terms
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Heat
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to temperature difference.
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Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point.
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Absolute Zero
The theoretical temperature of 0 K, where all kinetic motion of particles stops.
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Thermal Energy
The total potential energy and kinetic energy of particles in an object.
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Thermal Expansion
The expanding of matter when heated.
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Specific Heat
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a material by 1 degree Celsius.
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Calorimeter
A device used to measure changes in thermal energy.
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Conduction
The transfer of heat from one object to another or directly between two touching objects.
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Convection
The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another.
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Radiation
The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves moving through space.
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Thermal Conductors
Materials that conduct thermal energy well, such as copper and aluminum.
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Thermal Insulators
Materials that conduct thermal energy poorly, such as air and wool.
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First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is conserved.
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
Thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system.
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Third Law of Thermodynamics
Absolute zero cannot be reached.
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Energy Change Formula
Q = m x c x 螖T, used to calculate the energy change.
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Convection Current
The circular current created when heated fluids rise to the surface of cooler fluids and then cool and sink.
Note 
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