PET3322L Exam 1

axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Vertebral Column Regions

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Cervical

7 vertebrae

Thoracic

12 vertebrae

Lumbar

5 vertebrae

Vertebral Column bones in adult

26 bones

Vertebral Column bones in embryo

33-34

Sternum Anatomy

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Manubrium

Articulates with first rib and clavicle

Sternal Angle

Point where manubrium joins body

Second rib articulates here

Long Bone

longer than they are wide

Short Bone

Roughly equal in length and width

Flat Bone

Thin sheet of compact bone

Sesamoid Bone

Bone between tendons

Irregular Bone

Does not fit into other categories

Diaphysis

shaft, compact bone

Epiphysis

End of the bone, Spongy and Articular cartilage

Epiphyseal Plate

Plate in children, line in adults

Separates diaphysis from epiphysis

Medullary Cavity

Located in diaphysis; Houses red & yellow bone marrow

Periosteum

Connective tissue membrane on outside of bone

Fibers of tendon & ligaments become continuous with fibers of periosteum

spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Line

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Tubercle

Small rounded projection or process

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Process

Bony prominence

fibrous joints

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

cartilaginous joints

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

synovial joints

freely movable joints

What bone does not have a diaphysis?

Flat, Short, Irregular

Head

structure supported by neck

Ramus

Armlike projection

Condyle

rounded articular projection

Fissure

Narrow, slitlike opening

Meatus

Canal-like Structure

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Fossa

shallow depression

Sinus

air-filled cavity

Facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface