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Environmental Risks

Factors such as pollution, water contamination, and climate stress that can cause birth defects or preterm birth.

Nutrition in Pregnancy

A balanced diet with prenatal vitamins including iron, folate, zinc, and iodine.

Prenatal Care

Medical care during pregnancy, which includes genetic tests, good hygiene, and avoiding harmful foods.

Infancy (0-12 months)

Developmental stage characterized by trust vs. mistrust, hope, and the primary caregiver relationship.

Key Milestones in Infancy

Includes rolling over, sitting, crawling, walking, stranger anxiety, and saying first words.

Infant Immunizations

Vaccines administered during infancy, including HepB, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, RV, and Flu.

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

Developmental stage centered around autonomy vs. shame/doubt, with a focus on parents.

Key Milestones in Early Childhood

Includes walking independently, climbing stairs, potty training, and using 2-word phrases.

Safety Concerns in Early Childhood

Focus on choking, falls, and poisoning while encouraging independence.

Preschool Age (3-5 years)

Developmental stage characterized by initiative vs. guilt, with family as the primary relationship.

Key Milestones in Preschool Age

Includes dressing self, speaking in sentences, playing cooperatively, and riding a tricycle.

Safety Education in Preschool

Teaching children about stranger danger, road safety, and supervision near water.

School Age (5-12 years)

Developmental stage focused on industry vs. inferiority with relationships mainly with peers and teachers.

Key Milestones in School Age

Includes logical thinking, improved coordination, empathy, and forming strong friendships.

Education Focus in School Age

Teaching about puberty, internet safety, and positive reinforcement.

Adolescence (12-18 years)

Developmental stage centered on identity vs. role confusion, with peer relationships becoming critical.

Key Milestones in Adolescence

Includes developing identity, exploring values, and forming relationships.

Risks in Adolescence

Involves peer pressure, eating disorders, and substance use concerns.

Vaccines for Adolescents

Includes HPV, Meningococcal, Tdap boosters, and Flu vaccines.

Early Adulthood (19-29 years)

Developmental stage characterized by intimacy vs. isolation, focusing on partner relationships.

Concerns in Early Adulthood

Involves mental health, stress, obesity, STIs, and substance use.

Vaccinations for Early Adulthood

Includes Tdap, HepB, Flu, and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Middle Adulthood (40-64 years)

Developmental stage focused on generativity vs. stagnation, involving family and community.

Key Milestones in Middle Adulthood

Includes career stability, parenting, community involvement, and aging changes.

Education Focus in Middle Adulthood

Includes health screenings, moderate alcohol consumption, and maintaining purpose.

Late Adulthood (65-85+ years)

Development stage focused on ego integrity vs. despair with relationships to family and friends.

Focus in Late Adulthood

Involves life reflection, coping with loss, and maintaining independence.

Risks in Late Adulthood

Includes falls, depression, and medication safety.

Vaccinations for Late Adulthood

Includes Flu, Pneumococcal, Shingles, Td/Tdap, and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)

Cognitive development stage where learning occurs through senses and movement; develops object permanence.

Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)

Cognitive development stage characterized by symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and animism, lacking conservation.

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

Cognitive development stage where logical thought about concrete events and classification skills develop.

Formal Operational Stage (11+ years)

Cognitive development stage involving abstract reasoning and moral and ethical understanding.

Trust vs. Mistrust

First stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, developing hope in infancy.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Second stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, promoting will in early childhood.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Third stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, fostering purpose in preschool years.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Fourth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, focused on competence during school age.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Fifth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, exploring fidelity in adolescence.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Sixth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, promoting love in early adulthood.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Seventh stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, focusing on care in middle adulthood.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Eighth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory, associated with wisdom in late adulthood.

Primary Caregiver

The main person who provides care and support to an infant.

Stranger Anxiety

A developmental phenomenon where infants become apprehensive of strangers.

Potty Training

The process of teaching a child to use the toilet for urination and defecation.

Choking Safety

Practices to prevent choking hazards for young children.

Symbolic Thinking

The ability to use symbols or images to represent objects or ideas, typical in the preoperational stage.

Egocentrism

The inability to differentiate between one's own perspective and another's, common in the preoperational stage.

Logical Thinking

The ability to reason and formulate conclusions based on presented information, develops in concrete operational stage.

Abstract Reasoning

The ability to think about concepts and ideas that are not physically present, typical in the formal operational stage.

Developmental Milestones

Key skills or behaviors that typically occur at specific ages in children.

Preterm Birth

Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed.

Prenatal Vitamins

Supplements that provide essential nutrients for the health of the mother and developing fetus.

Immunization Schedule

A timetable of vaccinations given to children at specific ages to protect against diseases.

Stranger Danger

A safety concept educating children to be cautious around unfamiliar individuals.

Positive Reinforcement

A technique to encourage desired behaviors by providing rewards.

Peer Pressure

Influence from members of one's peer group to engage in certain behaviors.

Substance Use

Consumption of drugs or alcohol that can impact physical and mental health.

Life Reflection

The process of looking back on one's life experiences and assessing them.

Coping with Loss

Strategies and mechanisms individuals use to manage grief and loss.

Health Screenings

Tests conducted to detect potential health issues before symptoms arise.

Social Development

The changes and milestones associated with individuals' behaviors and relationships across lifespan.

Cognitive Development

The process of growth in a child's ability to think, explore, and understand the world.

Mental Health

A person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection against disease.

Chemical Exposure

Contact with harmful substances that can adversely affect health, particularly during pregnancy.

Folate

A B-vitamin essential for prenatal development, preventing neural tube defects.

Iron

A mineral important for oxygen transport in the blood, crucial during pregnancy.

Zinc

A mineral that plays a vital role in immune function and DNA synthesis, important during pregnancy.

Iodine

A trace element essential for proper thyroid function, particularly critical during pregnancy.