The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to urbanization, the Great Migration, and social reforms in the United States during 1870-1900.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities due to industrialization, leading to significant social and economic changes.

Great Migration

The movement of nearly two million African Americans from the rural South to northern and midwestern cities between the end of the Civil War and the Great Depression.

Social Gospel

A religious movement emphasizing the need for social reforms, encouraging Christians to be involved in social issues.

Settlement House Movement

A reform movement in the late 19th century aimed at providing services such as healthcare and education to the urban poor, led by figures like Jane Addams.

Machine Politics

A political system in which favors are exchanged for votes, often involving corruption and inefficiency.

Instrumentalism

A philosophy advocating the use of education and experimentation to discover truth and improve society.

City Beautiful Movement

An urban planning initiative that sought to improve city environments through the inclusion of parks, boulevards, and public spaces.

Social Register

A directory of the social elite in American cities, published to denote status and facilitate social events.

Naturalism

A literary movement focusing on how environment and heredity shape human behavior and circumstances.

Realism

A literary and artistic approach that aims to accurately depict everyday life and society, especially the struggles of the working class.

Pragmatism

A philosophical approach emphasizing the practical application of ideas and learning through experience.

Tammany Hall

A political machine in New York City known for its corruption and influence over local politics.

Electric Trolley

A form of public transport introduced in cities in the late 19th century, revolutionizing urban transportation.

Elevator

A machine that allowed for the construction of skyscrapers, improving vertical urban development.

Tenement

Crowded and often poorly maintained housing for the urban poor, typically housed multiple families.

Ethnic Enclaves

Communities formed by immigrants within cities providing social and cultural support.

Anti-immigration Legislation

Laws aimed at restricting immigration, influenced by nativist sentiments during the late 19th century.

Public Health Reforms

Initiatives aimed at improving sanitation and health conditions in urban areas to combat diseases.

Industrialization

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale, leading to economic growth and urban expansion.

Assimilation

The process through which immigrants adopt the customs, culture, and values of the host country.

Civic Organizations

Groups formed to provide support and services to community members, often focused on social issues.