Exploration and Colonization Flashcards

Flashcards about the Exploration and Colonization (1492-1754)

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of diseases, crops, and animals between the New World and Old World.

France's Reasons for Settlement

Economic reasons (fur trade), spreading Christianity.

England's Reasons for Settlement

Escaping English Enclosure Acts, religious freedom, gold/economics, to settle.

Jamestown (1607)

First English settlement; "Smith Survive, Rolfe Thrive."

Virginia House of Burgesses

First form of representative government in Virginia (election).

90 Single Women (Maidens)

Women get paid and get to pick their husbands, marking a change to permanent settlements.

Middle Passage

Transport of slaves over the Atlantic Ocean during the Triangular Trade.

Pilgrims (1620)

Separatists who thought the Church of England was beyond saving; established Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Mayflower Compact

Not a constitution, but an agreement to majority rule; first direct democracy.

Puritans (1630s-40s)

Purify, not separate from, the Church of England; established Massachusetts Bay Colony.

John Winthrop

Led the Puritans and envisioned them as a "City on a hill."

Anne Hutchinson

Interpreted the bible herself and claimed that faith alone led to salvation, banished to Portsmouth for holding bible study.

Chesapeake Economy

Tobacco - labor intensive cash crop.

Southern Colonies Economy

Rice, indigo - labor intensive cash crops.

Middle Colonies Economy

Fur, wheat/corn "Bread basket", livestock.

New England Colonies Economy

Ship building, lumber, some subsistence farming.

James Oglethorpe

Founded Georgia as a debtor's colony and buffer zone between Spanish Florida and slave states.

George Calvert

Religious Toleration Act (1649) for varieties of Christianity in Maryland.

Richard Hakluyt

Comes up with mercantilism.

William Penn

Haven for Quakers (Pacifists).

Roger Williams

Thought Natives deserved SLIGHTLY better treatment and inspired by Anne Hutchenson.

Rhode Island (1636)

Established the Baptist confederation with good relations with Natives.

Thomas Hooker

“Fundamental Orders” est. democratic representative gov’t, NOT based on religion.

Indentured Servitude

Worked 4-7 years in exchange for some land in America.

Headright System (Virginia)

System where an Englishman sponsors a peasant to become an indentured servant in the colonies, and he received 50 acres of land per person.

Chattel Slavery

Slaves viewed as property.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676, Virginia)

Indentured servants resist planters, successful for 5 years.

Pueblo Revolt/Pope’s Rebellion/Pope’s Revolt (1680)

Spanish vs. Natives led by Pope resisted European invasion successfully until 1692.

Stono Rebellion (1739, Virginia)

Group of slaves attempting to escape to Florida. Led to slave code law.

Priest De Las Casas

Outlawed enslaving Natives (1550s).

Pequot War (1637)

Massacre the entire Pequot tribe at Mystic; either killed or sold to slavery.

King Philip's War (1675)

Reaction to Pequot War, to ight New England Confederacy. ENDS Native Resistance in New England forever.

First Great Awakening (1730s-40s)

Religious revival, response to the Enlightenment. Preachers attempting to scare people back into church membership.

Zenger Trial (1735)

criticizes the governor and is held on trial for libel leads to freedom of the press