Exam Review: Bones and Muscles

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the bones and muscles necessary for the upcoming exam.

Clavicle

A bone that connects the arm to the body, has sternal and acromial ends.

Glenoid cavity

The socket in the scapula that receives the head of the humerus.

Trochanter

A large, blunt projection found on the femur, including greater and lesser trochanters.

Coxal Bone

Also known as the hip bone, comprised of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Synarthrosis

An immovable joint.

Diarthrosis

A freely movable joint.

Tendon

A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Muscle Fiber

The individual contractile unit of a muscle, often grouped in fascicles.

Myofibril

A long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that is responsible for muscle contraction.

Sliding Filament Theory

The process by which muscle fibers contract through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other.

Neuromuscular Junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle in muscle cells that stores calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter that transmits signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers.

Fast Fibers

Muscle fibers that contract quickly but fatigue quickly, suited for explosive activities.

Plantar Flexion

The action of pointing the toes downward.

Dorsiflexion

The action of raising the toes upwards towards the shin.